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    A Brief Overview of Future Mobility and Energy Management Strategies with Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Concept on Smart Grid
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Çolak, İlhami; Irmak, Erdal; Tepe, İzviye Fatımanur
    In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest in electric vehicles (EVs) due to several factors, including the depletion of fossil fuels, environmental concerns such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the fact that the vehicle industry is the main driver of CO2 emissions. In line with this growing interest, there are both opportunities and challenges in the integration of EV charging systems into the electricity grid. Grid operators may begin to regard electric vehicles (EVs) as a novel distributed resource, given that the stored energy in their batteries can be employed for a multitude of applications. The concept of vehicle-to-everything (V2X), enables the batteries of electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in energy management as a distributed resource. EVs can support the grid through topologies such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-load (V2L), vehicle-to-building (V2B), and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). This paper provides a summary of the benefits and challenges associated with the implementation of each V2X approach, as well as proposing potential solutions to address these challenges. © 2024 IEEE.
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    A hybrid optimized approaches for ball bearing state prognosis for effective decision making
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Euldji, Riadh; Boumahdi, Mouloud; Bachene, Mourad; Euldji, Rafik; Çolak, İlhami
    Manufacturing Industries (MI) has developed in the past years, by including different types of machines such as the Rotating Machines (RM) to deliver High-Quality Products (HQP), however those machines are prone to failure, which effects on the production process and leading to high economic loses, the purpose behind this study is to present a new strategy that support’s the decision-making to avoid any unexpected breakdowns in the MI. A novel hybrid technique that combines the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), the Hybrid Whale Grey Wolf Optimizer (HWGO), and the state space (SS) approach using the Vibration Condition Monitoring (VCM) signals to determine the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is introduced. The proposed approach was trained using features selected by the Decision Tree (DT) algorithm. A comparative analysis is conducted against the HWGO with 12 metaheuristic algorithms in terms of optimization. The SS model was applied for forecasting the future RUL values depending on the measured values by the ANFIS-HGWO. The overall results confirm the outperforming of the ANFIS-HWGO-SS compared to different contributions available in the literature using the PRONOSTIA database in terms of performance measure, Therefore, the ANFIS-HWGO-SS approach is a reliable tool for determining the RUL before any unexpected breakdown and further supports the decision-making by offering a vital timeframe for making the proper action before a failure occurs which can be applied for other machine-related tasks to ensure stability by decreasing the failure of the machine, reliability of the RM by providing HQP, security by avoiding accidents in MI, marking a significant step towards enhanced operational efficiency and sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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    A new control scheme for wind/battery fed UPQC for the power quality enhancement: a hybrid technique
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Srilakshmi, Koganti; Ramadevi, Alapati; Reddy, J. Ganesh Prasad; Jyothi, K. Krishna; Kondreddi, Krishnaveni; Balachandran, Praveen Kumar; Çolak, İlhami
    The incorporation of clean sources into the power grid, along with the introduction of power electronic gadgets to regulate loads that are nonlinear, had a significant effect on power quality (PQ). Nevertheless, PQ emerges as the primary issue for the integration of these intermittent renewable sources. This study combines the advantageous characteristics of the Sliding mode controller (SM-C) and fractional-order proportional integral derivative controller (FPIDC) to manage both the shunt and series active filters of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) integrated with the wind power system (WPS) and battery systems (BS). The primary objective of the proposed system is to maintain a consistent voltage across the DC Link capacitor, even when there are fluctuations in load and wind velocity. Additionally, the system aims to reduce the presence of harmonics in waveform of current signal, improve power factor (PF), and mitigate any disruptions or imbalances in the source voltage. The effectiveness of the created model has been assessed by four case studies involving diverse load types and grid voltage situations, including fluctuations. Besides, to validate the developed method the comparative analysis is conducted with respect to other methods like PI and fuzzy logic controllers, as well as with other ways documented in the literature.
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    A Sliding Mode Controller for the Detection of Voltage Problems in Dynamic Voltage Restorers
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Vadi, Seyfettin; Çolak, İlhami; Bayındır, Ramazan
    Voltage sags are important voltage problem in electrical power systems. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is the method to regulate for these voltage problems. DVR is a device connected in series to system, and it plays an important role to detect the voltage sags. In the literature, there are different methods to detect voltage sags for DVR structures in electrical grids. In this study, the sliding mode control (SMC) structure is developed, and the response of the DVR is measured using the different voltage scenario. A controller design was created using the voltage amplitude and phase information obtained with the improved sliding mode control. This controller compensates for balanced/unbalanced voltage drops occurring in the electrical system via DVR. Simulation results of the developed SMC-based controller are presented using the MATLAB/Simulink program. The proposed detection method provides fast and successful results for solving voltage problems. © 2024 IEEE.
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    A Wind Speed Interval Prediction Framework Based on Machine Learning Models and Kernel Density Estimation Method
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Al Hajj, Rami; Oskrochi, GholamReza; Assi, Ali; Fouad, Mohamad M.; Çolak, İlhami
    Predicting wind speed is crucial in the wind energy sector, especially for controlling and balancing production and consumption in smart grids. However, wind speed is characterized by high uncertainty and variability. These fluctuations in wind speed are obvious in short term timescales. Deterministic wind speed forecasts, also named point predictions, do not consider the inherent uncertainties in wind speed predictions. Estimating these uncertainties is essential for providing reliable information to energy operators, enabling them to develop effective operational strategies. In this work, we introduce a probabilistic prediction intervals approach for short-term wind speed forecasting. The proposed framework consists of a hybrid model that integrates machine learning models and an automatic feature selection technique to estimate both point predictions and prediction intervals for wind speed. The simulation works demonstrate the effectiveness of our designed framework and demonstrate its ability to generate satisfactory prediction intervals in the most adopted evaluation criteria. © 2024 IEEE.
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    AI-Driven Smart Homes and Smart Grids: Marketing Strategies for Seamless Integration and Consumer Adoption
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Durmuş Şenyapar, Hafize Nurgül; Çolak, İlhami; Bayındır, Ramazan
    This study explores the critical role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the integration and consumer adoption of smart homes and smart grids, two essential components of advancing sustainable and efficient energy management systems. At the heart of this integration is AI-driven marketing, leveraging personalized marketing strategies, predictive analytics, and automation to address technical challenges and consumer concerns effectively. The research demonstrates how AI can tailor marketing efforts to individual consumer needs and preferences, increasing engagement, trust, and adoption rates. Personalization and predictive analytics enable marketers to anticipate consumer needs and tailor their strategies accordingly, while automation ensures scalability and efficiency in marketing campaigns. The findings underscore the importance of interoperability, security, and user-friendly design in building consumer adoption and highlight the need for marketers to communicate the long-term value and benefits of smart technologies. This study proposes a multifaceted approach to AI-driven marketing, emphasizing the need for collaboration among technology developers, marketers, policymakers, and consumers to overcome barriers and realize the full potential of smart homes and smart grids. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Analysis of ludo-shaped configuration of PV arrays under different partial shaded configuration
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Ganesan, Sakthivel; David, Prince Winston; Thangaraj, Hariharasudhan; Balachandran, Praveen Kumar; Çolak, İlhami
    The demand for electric power generation increases every day. Electric power is generated through using thermal, hydro, thermal, and nuclear energy and so on. However, the availability of these resources made us to depend on renewable energy sources for power generation. The PV arrays are installed in lot of applications either by grid connection or by stand-alone. Partial shading conditions cause less power generation from the PV arrays when compared to normal power generation. In this proposed work, an experimental setup of a 4X4 PV array is considered for analysis and LUDO shaped reconfiguration pattern is considered under different partial shaded conditions, the power losses and mismatch losses are found. When the compared with the existing methods the proposed method reduces the mismatch losses and thereby the power is enhanced twice in inverse short shading pattern. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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    Assessment of Reliability Indicators of In-Plant Power Supply Systems with Two-Transformer Substations
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Valtchev, Stanimir; Miceli, Rosario; Petrova, Renata Maratovna; Gracheva, Elena Ivanovna; Çolak, İlhami; Kurokawa, Fujio
    The proposed article is devoted to the evaluation of reliability indicators of in-plant power supply systems with dual-transformer substations 10/0.4 kV. The paper considers the reliability of the system for the following variants of power supply schemes: without redundancy; with redundancy when installing a sectional circuit breaker; with double redundancy: when installing a sectional circuit breaker and a redundant jumper at 0.4 kV. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Assessment of Reliability Indicators of Power Supply Systems with Two-Transformer Substations During Technical and Economic Calculations
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Valtchev, Stanimir; Miceli, Rosario; Petrova, Renata Maratovna; Gracheva, Elena Ivanovna; Çolak, İlhami; Kurokawa, Fujio
    The proposed article is devoted to the assessment of reliability parameters of in-plant power supply systems with 10/0.4 kV double-transformer substations. The paper studies the reliability of the power supply system for the following variants of two-transformer substation schemes: without redundancy; with redundancy when installing a sectional switch; with double redundancy: when installing a sectional switch and a redundant jumper at 0.4 kV. The graphical dependences of operating time to failure of power supply schemes with two-transformer substations on different rated capacity of shop transformers for three variants have been obtained: without redundancy; with redundancy; with double redundancy. The optimum condition is the use of a smaller number of transformer substations, and, accordingly, transformers, while maintaining the value of load factor 0.8. When comparing the graphs, it was found that the longest MTBF is achieved with double redundancy, and the shortest - with no redundancy. The results of the research can be recommended for use in the process of designing systems of in-plant power supply to assess and improve the reliability and efficiency of equipment operation. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Backstepping control of multilevel modified SVM inverter in variable speed DFIG-based dual-rotor wind power system
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Çolak, İlhami; Bizon, Nicu
    The backstepping control (BC) scheme has been successfully used in a variety of high-effectiveness industrial AC drives. This study presents the application of the BC technique based on multilevel modified space vector modulation (BC-MSVM) to get better the energy performance of a dual-rotor wind turbine system (DRWT). Two techniques are suggested to command the stator power of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a DRWT. This work addresses the problems of the DRWT-based energy production system, such as stream fineness, power overshoot, and torque ripples. The use of a multilevel inverter in BC-MSVM led to an enhancement in the competence of the multilevel BC-MSVM technique and the system as a whole, and this is proven by the results performed using MATLAB software on a 1500 kW DFIG-DRWT. The use of a seven-level inverter led to a minimization in the rates of overshoot, ripples, steady-state error, and response time of active power by 26.66%, 53.84%, 2.09%, and 9.09%, respectively. Regarding the reactive power, the ratios were estimated at 18.12%, 34%, 25%, and 1.41%, respectively. These ratios prove that using a higher-level inverter significantly improves the voltage quality and characteristics of the DFIG-DRWT. © The Author(s) 2024.
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    Black widow optimization of dead times in asymmetrical 5-level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Ala, Guido; Çolak, İlhami; Di Tommaso, Antonino Oscar; Miceli, Rosario; Nevoloso, C.; Scaglione, Gioacchino; Schettino, Giuseppe; Ricco Galluzzo, Fabio; Viola, Fabio
    In order to improve the harmonic reduction in a multilevel inverter a new a symmetrical structure with different voltage levels is presented and driven with an innovative control strategy. The asymmetrical structures are able to create a 7-level staircase with a 5 level CHBMLI, levels that can be easily created with renewable sources, the control strategy is able to use the dead times, needed to avoid short circuits in the same legs, in order to decrease the total harmonic distortions. An innovative genetic algorithm, black widow optimization is used. Through simulation, in the Matlab environment, the main benefits and drawbacks of the proposed approach are discussed. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Comparative Analysis of Vector Control and Backstepping Control Techniques Applied to Wind Systems with PMSG
    (IEEE, 2024) Tahiri, Fadila; Harrouz, Abdelkader; Hartani, Mohamed Amine; Çolak, İlhami; Badoud, Abdessalam; Dumbrava, Virgil
    This paper compares vector control (VC) and backstepping control (BC) techniques for wind systems with permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). PMSGs offer high efficiency and compact size but require advanced control strategies for optimal performance. The study evaluates transient response, tracking accuracy, robustness, and disturbance rejection. Simulations of a comprehensive mathematical model demonstrate VC’s improved dynamic response and efficiency through control variable decoupling, while BC excels in tracking performance and robustness using a systematic backstepping approach. The findings aid in selecting suitable control strategies for wind energy systems and contribute to the development of improved algorithms for wind power generation.
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    Controlling the energies of the single-rotor large wind turbine system using a new controller
    (Nature Research, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Bizon, Nicu; Çolak, İlhami; Elbarbary Z.M.S.; Al Gahtani, Saad F.
    In wind energy generation systems, ensuring high energy quality is critical but is often compromised due to the limited performance and durability of conventional regulators. To address this, this work presents a novel controller for managing the machine-side inverter of a single-rotor large wind turbine system using an induction machine-type generator. The proposed controller is designed using proportional, integral, and derivative error-based mechanisms, which fundamentally differ from traditional proportional-integral (PI) regulators. Key features of the proposed regulator include its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, reduced number of gains, and rapid dynamic response. This regulator enhances the direct power control (DPC) approach, as it integrates two tailored controllers alongside a pulse width modulation strategy to manage the machine inverter. The DPC strategy incorporating the proposed controller was implemented and tested using MATLAB, with various simulations to evaluate its performance and effectiveness. The proposed regulator demonstrated a significant improvement over the PI regulator, with reductions in active power ripples of 69%, 61.70%, and 59.14% across different tests. Additionally, the steady-state error of reactive power was reduced by 54.84%, 85.23%, and 62.68%, and the total harmonic distortion of current decreased by 48.12%, 50.55%, and 56.05%. These results underscore the high efficiency, robustness, and effectiveness of the proposed controller in improving system performance compared to conventional PI regulators. The controller’s outstanding performance makes it a promising solution for broader industrial applications. © The Author(s) 2025.
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    Digital Marketing Strategies for Smart Grids: Utilizing Online Platforms to Drive Awareness and Adoption
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Durmuş Şenyapar, Hafize Nurgül; Çolak, İlhami; Bayındır, Ramazan
    This study investigates the multifaceted role of digital marketing strategies in driving the awareness, acceptance, and adoption of Smart Grid (SG) technologies. The research uses a qualitative exploratory approach to analyze how various online platforms-including social media, multimedia content, email marketing, and paid advertising-can effectively engage diverse audience segments, such as consumers, businesses, utility companies, and policymakers. The findings underscore the importance of personalized, data-driven approaches in enhancing public understanding of SG technologies while emphasizing community engagement and trust-building among stakeholders. The study highlights how sophisticated digital marketing tactics-ranging from engaging videos, podcasts, and infographics to targeted paid advertising-simplify complex SG concepts and increase SG solutions' visibility and perceived value. Emerging trends, such as influencer marketing and advanced analytics, are critical drivers of future digital marketing efforts in the energy sector. This research provides practical insights for energy companies, policymakers, and marketers, underscoring the potential of digital marketing as a catalyst for accelerating SG adoption, contributing to improved energy efficiency, and fostering a more sustainable energy future. © 2024 IEEE.
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    DTC-SVM Control for WECS Based on PMSG Using the Super-Twisting Algorithm
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Elbar, Chaima Yasmine; Belkacem, Sebti; Çolak, İlhami; Dendouga, Abdelhakim; Farida, Mazouz; Chikhi, Abdesselem
    In this research, we suggest a control scheme that incorporates the advantages of SOSMC and SVM-based DTC to boost the efficiency of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), which utilize PMSG. SOSMC can be used to improve PMSG control in variable renewable energy environments with robustness against uncertainties and disturbances. By incorporating Space Vector Modulation based Direct Torque Control, you can effectively control the generator's flux and torque , ensuring high efficiency and lower harmonic content in the output waveform. The suggested control technique was validated by computer simulations using the MATLAB/Simulink programme. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Energy Management of DC Microgrid-based Photovoltaic/Battery and Super Capacitor
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Berboucha, Ali; Aissou, Said; Çolak, İlhami; Djermouni, Kamel; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Amirouche, Elyazid; Kayisli, Korhan
    The large use of microgrids, particularly direct current microgrids, is a global trend driven by the increasing integration of renewable energy sources with energy storage systems. DC microgrids offer the distinct advantage of eliminating harmonics and synchronization challenges, making them a focal point for research and engineering attentions. Considering the intermittent nature of primary renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind energy, the integration of energy storage systems is necessary to improve the reliability, stability, and overall performance of microgrids. This paper proposes an isolated DC microgrid including a photovoltaic array, a hybrid storage system based on a supercapacitor and battery bank, power electronic converters and a variable load. An energy management system to optimize operation of an islanded DC microgrid is presented. The EMS effectively regulates the DC bus voltage and balances power flow within system. To support the EMS, the test condition considers Maximum Power Point Tracking for the photovoltaic array, state of charge management for the battery and supercapacitor banks and converter control strategies to maintain DC bus voltage stability. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Energy management strategy for nano-grid in isolated areas
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Amirouche, Elyazid; Benyahia, Nabil; Aissou, Said; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Çolak, İlhami; Berboucha, Ali
    This paper explores a microgrid comprising two renewable energy sources and a battery storage system. Specifically, a photovoltaic (PV) source employing the maximum power point tracking (P&O and FLC) technique is predominantly utilized, with potential support from fuel cells (FC). Our contribution in this work lies in an efficient management approach aimed at reducing reliance on batteries. This translates to cost reduction and overall system lifespan extension, facilitated by the integration of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. System simulation was conducted using SimPowerSystems Simulink library in the MATLAB environment. A critical analysis of the overall system behavior was conducted, accompanied by the presentation of simulated results. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Enhancing the power quality of dual rotor wind turbines using improved fuzzy space vector modulation and super twisting sliding techniques
    (Nature research, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Bizon, Nicu; Yessef, Mourad; Elbarbary, Z. M. S.; Çolak, İlhami; Alammer, Mohammed M.; Bossoufi, Badre
    In the field of control, many approaches have been used to control generators, where indirect vector control (IVC) is considered one of the most prominent of these approaches due to its many advantages. This approach has a fast response time (RT) and is quite easy to realize. However, its reliance on traditional controllers makes this approach less efficient and less effective if the system parameters change. Consequently, this work proposes a new IVC approach for doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) used in contra-rotating wind turbine (CRWT) systems. The designed IVC employs a super-twisting control to eliminate the instantaneous errors of the DFIG power using the direct calculation of the control voltage required by the rotor, which will lead to the improvement of the transient performance. In addition, a constant switching frequency is obtained using the multilevel fuzzy modified space vector modulation proposed for controlling the DFIG inverter, facilitating the design of harmonic AC filters. To evaluate the proposed solution, a digital simulation of the CRWT system was verified using MATLAB with the power of the used generator being 1.5 MW. For more accuracy, two tests were used to study the efficiency of the suggested control compared to the efficiency of the IVC in terms of getting better system features. The obtained results showed the efficacy of the designed control compared to the IVC and some of the different existing techniques in terms of enhancing system features. The suggested approach minimized torque fluctuations, active power, and current in the first test compared to the IVC approach by ratios estimated at 93%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. Also, the RT for reactive power, active power, and torque was reduced by 99.05%, 98.60%, and 98.60%, respectively, compared to the conventional IVC approach. In both tests, the designed approach minimized the harmonic distortion of the stream by ratios estimated at 18.02% and 16.22% compared to the conventional IVC approach. These obtained results were verified using empirical work, where hardware-in-the-loop simulation was used for this purpose. Accordingly, the empirical results demonstrated the validity, durability, and competence of the designed approach compared to the base IVC approach. Both the simulative and empirical results validate that the designed approach is of great importance in the field of control and renewable powers, as it can be relied upon to enhance the features of the systems. Therefore, the designed control has a promising future.
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    Evaluating the Performance of MPPT and FPPT Approach in Standalone Solar PV Systems Under Variable Conditions
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Amine, Hartani Mohamed; Abdallah, Laidi; Fadila, Tahiri; Aissa, Benhammou; Harrouz, Abdelkader; Çolak, İlhami
    This research paper investigates the performance of standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under varying weather conditions and load fluctuations. It focuses on the implementation and evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Fixed Power Point Tracking (FPPT) algorithms within a DC/DC converter to optimize the system's performance. Using MATLAB Simulink, the study models and simulates the PV system, analyzing the effects of different control methods and dynamic conditions on power output and stability. The results highlight the importance of precise tracking algorithms for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of PV systems. This work contributes to the development of advanced PV emulators and control strategies, offering new insights for improving solar energy harvesting. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Experimental analysis of genetic algorithm-enhanced PI controller for power optimization in multi-rotor variable-speed wind turbine systems
    (Nature Research, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Bizon, Nicu; Yessef, Mourad; Elbarbary, Z.M.S.; Çolak, İlhami; Bossoufi, Badre; Al Ayidh, Abdulrahmane
    The direct power control (DPC) algorithm is one of the most popular linear techniques used to implement notable controllers, known for their simplicity and fast dynamic response. However, this approach has drawbacks that cause a decrease in the current quality and disturbances in the network. Therefore, this experimental work presents a simple and efficient solution that uses a proportional-integral regulator based on a genetic algorithm to regulate the power quality. The designed approach uses a pulse width modulation to produce control pulses for the operation of the rotor inverter of a doubly-fed induction generator-based multi-rotor wind system. This approach is first verified in MATLAB using a 1500 kW generator operating under different working conditions. Furthermore, the processor-in-the-loop (PIL) test using dSPACE 1104 is used to verify the efficacy and ability of the designed approach in enhancing the effectiveness of the power system under study. The results obtained in all tests demonstrate that compared to DPC, the designed approach reduces active power ripples with estimated percentages of 71.42%, 66.67%, and 70%, and the reactive power overshoot value is reduced with estimated percentages of 92.85%, 56.48%, and 79.21%. In addition, the experimental results (using the PIL test) confirm the ability of the designed control algorithm to enhance the energy and current quality, which makes this designed technique a suitable solution in the field of control. © The Author(s) 2024.
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