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Öğe A closer look at the utilized radiation doses during computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for COVID-19 patients(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Abuzaid, Mohamed; Elshami, Wiam; Cavli, Baris; Ozturk, Ceren; ALMisned, Ghada; Tekin, H. O.Introduction: CTPA stands for computed tomography pulmonary angiography. CTPA is an X-ray imaging that combines X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the pulmonary arteries and veins in the lungs. This test diagnoses and monitors conditions like pulmonary embolism, arterial blockages, and hyper-tension. Coronavirus (COVID-19) has threatened world health over the last three years. The number of (CT) scans increased and played a vital role in diagnosing COVID-19 patients, including life-threatening pulmonary em-bolism (PE). This study aimed to assess the radiation dose resulted from CTPA for COVID-19 patients. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from CTPA examinations on a single scanner in 84 symptomatic patients. The data collected included the dose length product (DLP), volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). The organ dose and effective dose were estimated using VirtualDose software.Results: The study population included 84 patients, 52% male and 48% female, with an average age of 62. The average DLP, CTDIvol, and SSDE were 404.2 mGy cm, 13.5 mGy, and 11.6 mGy\, respectively. The mean effective doses (mSv) for males and females were 3.01 and 3.29, respectively. The maximum to minimum organ doses (mGy) between patients was 0.8 for the male bladder and 7.33 for the female lung.Conclusions: The increase in CT scans during the COVID-19 pandemic required close dose monitoring and optimization. The protocol used during CTPA should guarantee a minimum radiation dose with maximum pa -tient benefits.Öğe Comparative analysis on application conditions of indium (III) oxide-reinforced glasses in nuclear waste management and source transportation: A Monte Carlo simulation study(Cell Press, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Rabaa, Elaf; Susoy, G.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.This study's primary objective is to provide the preliminary findings of novel research on the design of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container that were thoroughly developed for the purpose of a nuclear material container for transportation and waste management applications. The shielding characteristics of an Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container with a certain elemental composition against the 60Co radioisotope was thoroughly evaluated. The energy deposition in the air surrounding the designed portable glass containers is measured using MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Simulation studies were carried out using LenovoP620 workstation and the number of tracks was defined as 108 in each simulation phase. According to results, the indium oxide-doped C6 (TZI8) container exhibits superior protective properties compared to other conventional container materials such as 0.5Bitumen-0.5 Cement, Pb Glass composite, Steel-Magnetite concrete. In addition to its superiority in terms of nuclear safety, it is proposed that the source's simultaneous observation and monitoring, as well as the C6 (TZI8) glass structure's transparency, be underlined as significant advantages. High-density glasses, which may replace undesirable materials such as concrete and lead, provide several advantages in terms of production ease, non-toxic properties, and resource monitoring. In conclusion, the use of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass with its high transparency andÖğe Designing a Lead-free and high-density glass for radiation facilities: Synthesis, physical, optical, structural, and experimental gamma-ray transmission properties of newly designed barium-borosilicate glass sample(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Sen Baykal, Duygu; Kilic, G.; Ilik, Erkan; Kavaz, E.; ALMisned, Ghada; Cakirli, R. B.; Tekin, H. O.We report the design, synthesis, optical, structural, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of a newly developed Lead-free and high-density borosilicate glass sample for its potential applications in medical and industrial ra-diation facilities. A barium-borosilicate glass sample (BSBaZn) was designed and synthesized using nominal composition of 7B2O3-50SiO2-38ZnO-5BaO. The FTIR spectrum of the BSBaZn is revealed four fundamental regions. These regions are 400-620 cm-1, 620-770 cm-1, 800-1210 cm-1, and 1210-1500 cm-1. Transmittance rate in the wavelength range of 350-1100 nm is reported as 80 %. A high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector along with an energetic 133Ba radioisotope is also utilized for experimental gamma-ray transmission studies. Various fundamental gamma-ray shielding parameters of BSBaZn are determined and accordingly compared with many other glass shields. MCNPX (version 2.7.0) general purpose Monte Carlo code is utilized for gamma-ray transmission factor (TF) values. The results showed that the synthesized BSBaZn sample has promising struc-tural, optical, and physical properties in addition to promising gamma-ray attenuation properties. The high transparency of BSBaZn along with its high-density may be considered as an important selection criterion for its implementation in protection purposes in medical and industrial radiation facilities, where the source and pa-tients monitoring play a significant role.Öğe Exploring the Radioprotective Indium (III) Oxide Screens for Mammography Scans Using a Three-Layer Heterogeneous Breast Phantom and MCNPX: A Comparative Study Using Clinical Findings(Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Elshami, Wiam; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, Erkan; Rabaa, Elaf; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaBackground: During mammography, a lead-acrylic protective screen is recommended to reduce radiation exposure to the unexposed breast. Objectives: This research study aimed to construct an Indium-(III)-oxide-rich tellurite-glass screen (TZI8) and compare its performance to that of lead acrylic. Materials and Methods: A three-layer heterogeneous-breast phantom was developed, using the MCNPX (version 2.7.0) Monte Carlo code. An MCNPX-simulation geometry was designed and implemented, using the lead-acrylic and TZI8 shielding screens between the right and left breast. Next, the reliability of the phantom and the variations in absorption between the lead-acrylic and TZI8 glass were investigated. Results: The findings show that the TZI8-protective-glass screen offers significantly greater radioprotection than the lead-acrylic material. The quantity of total dose absorbed in the unexposed breast was much lower for TZI8 than for lead-based acrylic. The TZI8-glass screen gives about 60% more radioprotection than the lead-acrylic screen. Conclusion: Considering the toxic lead in the structure that may be hazardous to the human tissues, the TZI8-glass screen may be used in mammography examination to provide greater radioprotection than the lead-acrylic screen, in order to greatly reduce the dose to the unexposed breast.Öğe Functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types: An investigation on gamma-ray attenuation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE magneto-optical glasses(Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, E.; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Kilic, Gokhan; Tekin, H. O.We report the functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types on gamma-ray attenu-ation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE (where; RE=0; 1 %Ho, 1 %Pr, 1 %Er, 1 %Nd, 1 %Dy, 1 %Ce) magneto-optical glasses. The elemental fractions and densities of each glass sample were specified separately for the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In addition to fundamental gamma absorption properties, Transmission Factors throughout a broad radioisotope energy range were measured. According to findings, Holmium (Ho) incorporation into the glass structure resulted in a net increase of 0.3406 g/cm(3), whereas Cerium (Ce) addition resulted in a net in-crease of 0.2047 g/cm(3). The Ho-doped S2 sample was found to have the greatest LAC value, despite the fact that seven glass samples exhibited identical behavior. The Ho-doped S2 sample had the lowest HVL values among the glass groups evaluated in this work, computed in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The lowest EBF and EABF values were reported for Ho reinforced S2 sample with the highes LAC and density values. For all glass samples, a decrease in TF values was observed depending on the increase in thickness. Among the investigated glasses, Ho and Er reinforced samples (i.e., S2 and S4) showed the minimum TF values at used radioisotope energies. It can be concluded that Ho and Er type rare earth elements may provide the most effective gamma ray absorption properties when they are incorporated into the GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3 system.Öğe Gadolinium-tungsten-boron trioxide glasses: A multi-phase research on cross-sections, attenuation coefficients, build-up factors and individual transmission factors using MCNPX(Elsevier, 2022) ALMisned, Ghada; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ali, Fatema T.; Bilal, Ghaida; Kılıç, Gökhan; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanThe oxide of the rare earth element gadolinium has the chemical formula Gd2O3. Also known as gadolinium sesquioxide, gadolinium trioxide, and Gadolinia, gadolinium oxide. In this study, various types of fundamental cross-sections, attenuation coefficients, build-up factors and individual transmission factors of high density gadolinium-tungsten-boron trioxide glasses with a chemical composition of (70-x)WO3-xGd2O3 –30B2O3 (where x: 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0 and 27.5 mol%) are determined using advanced Monte Carlo methods. In addition, gamma transmission factors (TFs) for a range of medical and industrial radioisotopes were calculated using MCNPX (version 2.7.0) Monte Carlo code. The investigated glasses were classified Gd17.5, Gd20.0, Gd22.5, Gd25.0, and Gd27.5 in accordance with xGd2O3. Our findings suggest that the Gd27.5 sample (with highest of Gd2O3 content mol. %) has possessed the maximum linear (µ) and mass (µ/?) attenuation coefficients at all gamma-ray energies investigated. The coded glass sample Gd27.5 is achieved the maximum effective atomic number (Zeff) and effective electron density (Neff) owing its superior attenuation properties. In terms of build-up factors, increasing the concentration of xGd2O3 in glasses is decreased the EBF and EABF values for all mean free path values (0.5–40 mfp). At a thickness of 3 cm, the lowest transmission factor (i.e., highest attenuation) was verified for all Gd17.5-Gd27.5 glasses investigated. Consequently, the Gd27.5 sample exhibits superior radiation shielding properties for a large range of photon energy and various medical and industrial radioisotope energies. © 2022 Elsevier GmbHÖğe Gallium (III) oxide reinforced novel heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses: A focusing study on synthesis, optical and gamma-ray shielding properties(Elsevier, 2022) Kassab, L.R.P.; Issa, Shams A.M.; Mattos, G.R.; ALMisned, Ghada; Bordon, C.D.S.; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanIn this study, three heavy metal oxide glasses (A:46.0PbO-42.0Bi2O3-12.0Ga2O3, B:45.94PbO-42.66Bi2O3-10.0Ga2O3-1.4BaO, C:72.8PbO-17.0GeO2-10.2Ga2O3) were synthesized to determine their optical and gamma-ray shielding properties in terms of assessing their potential applications in medical and industrial radiation facilities. Glasses were synthesized using melt quenching method. The optical band gap energy is calculated by the absorption spectrum measured at room temperature. We found a large band at 500 nm that refers to Bi+ions and appears to samples A and B that contain Bi2O3 in their compositions. Optical band gap energies were reported as 2.014 ev, 2.055 eV and 2.430 eV for A, B and C samples, respectively. Next, fundamental gamma-ray parameters were also determined using MCNPX general Monte Carlo code and Phy-X/PSD in 0.15–15 MeV photon energy. Our findings clearly showed that the B sample, which includes the highest concentration of Bi2O3, has a considerable advantage in terms of gamma-ray attenuation. Moreover, the results also showed that sample B has significantly higher attenuation properties than shielding concretes and several glass shields. It can be concluded that Bi2O3 is a useful component for heavy metal oxide glasses in terms of improving gamma-ray shielding capabilities for radiation shielding applications. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.Öğe Graphene-bioactive glass composites: Structural, Vickers hardness, and gamma-ray attenuation characteristics(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Deliormanli, Aylin M.; ALMisned, Ghada; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, H. O.Introduction: Graphene-based materials have gained increasing attention for use in radiation attenuation applications. In this study, pristine graphene nanoplatelet-containing (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) borate-based bioactive glass composites were prepared. Methods: Structural properties, Vickers microhardness, and gamma-ray radiation shielding properties of the fabricated composites were examined in detail. Results and Discussion: Results revealed that the inclusion of the graphene in the glass matrix led to a decrease in the bulk density of the glass-based composites from 2.41 to 2.31 g/cm(3). Similarly, a decrease in Vickers hardness was obtained as the graphene concentration was increased due to a convoluted effect of the non-uniform distribution of graphene nanoplatelets in the bioactive glass matrix and the higher residual porosity. Vickers hardness of the bare and the 10 wt% graphene-containing bioactive glass discs were measured to be 5.03 +/- 0.28 GPa and 1.87 +/- 0.56 GPa, respectively. On the other hand, the incorporation of graphene starting from 3 wt% decreased the crack propagation after indentation which may be attributed to an increase in fracture toughness. In the study, fundamental gamma ray absorption properties of graphene-containing bioactive glasses were examined in the 0.015-15 MeV incident photon energy range. For this purpose, the Py-MLBUF code was employed to determine gamma ray absorption parameters. Results showed that linear attenuation coefficients of the glass-based composites decreased due to a decrease in the density of the samples. On the other hand, as graphene was incorporated into the bioactive glass structure, exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values increased. The growing graphene ratio in the glass structure contributed negatively to the photon's tendency to interact with the material.Öğe Heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses as an effective member of glass shield family: A comprehensive characterization on gamma ray shielding properties of various structures(Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Susoy, Gülfem; Issa, Shams A.M.; Ene, Antoaneta; ALMisned, Ghada; Rammah, Y.S.; Ali Fatema, T.; Algethami, Merfat; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.Using advanced Monte Carlo simulation techniques and theoretical methodologies, a thorough investigation on the gamma-ray shielding properties of several heavy metal oxide glasses were performed. The general-purpose Monte Carlo code MCNPX (version 2.7.0) was used to simulate gamma-ray transmission to determine fundamental attenuation coefficients. The acquired findings were compared to Phy-X/PSD to confirm that the outputs were consistent. Additionally, other gamma-ray shielding parameters were computed and studied throughout a broad photon energy range of 0.015 MeV–15 MeV. From A to F glass samples, a sharp density increase from 5.99 g/cm3 to 8.9 g/cm3 was found. As a result, the F sample was found to have the highest linear attenuation coefficients. Our results indicate that increasing the amount of Bi reinforcement improved the material's overall gamma-ray attenuation properties. The F sample with the highest Bi reinforcement in its glass structure was subsequently shown to have superior gamma-ray shielding characteristics. Finally, we compared the F sample's half-value layer values to those of other commercial glass shields, various concretes, and other glass shields investigated in the literature. As a consequence of the benchmarking procedure, it has been determined that the F sample has better shielding capabilities than other shielding materials. It can be concluded that heavy metal oxide glasses offer apparent benefits in terms of more efficiently attenuating incoming gamma-rays. Additionally, it can be concluded that applying high Bi to heavy metal oxide glasses is a beneficial strategy for improving the gamma-ray attenuation capabilities of heavy metal oxide glasses. © 2022 The Author(s)Öğe The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaWe report the role of the chemical modifications on various gamma-ray attenuation properties of four different tellurite glasses reinforced through WO3. The chemical compositions and glass densities are used in terms of determining some critical attenuation properties, such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, and effective atomic number values. Based on the rise in density, it was determined that the maximum concentration of WO3 also resulted in a significant change in the overall gamma-ray absorption properties, when all of the study's findings were examined. It was observed that the glass sample, in which TeO2 and WO3 were 40 mol%, had the highest density. It was found that this glass with the highest density has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient and the lowest half value layer among the four samples specified. This demonstrates that WO3 inclusion is a functional component that may be used in tellurium glasses and is a suitable material for situations requiring increased gamma-ray absorption properties.Öğe Investigation of Radiochromic Film Use for Source Position Verification through a LINAC On-Board Imager (OBI)(Mdpi, 2023) Karacam, Songul Cavdar; Tuncman, Duygu; ALMisned, Ghada; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Huseyin OzanBackground and Objectives: Quality assurance is an integral part of brachytherapy. Traditionally, radiographic films have been used for source position verification, however, in many clinics, computerized tomography simulators have replaced conventional simulators, and computerized radiography systems have replaced radiographic film processing units. With these advances, the problem of controlling source position verification without traditional radiographic films and conventional simulators has appeared. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated an alternative method for source position verification for brachytherapy applications. Source positions were evaluated using Gafchromic (TM) RTQA2 and EBT3 film and visually compared to exposed RTQA radiochromic film when using a Nucletron Oldelft Simulix HP conventional simulator and a Gammamed 12-i brachytherapy device for performance evaluation. Gafchromic film autoradiography was performed with a linear accelerator (LINAC) on-board imager (OBI). Radiochromic films are very suitable for evaluation by visual inspection with a LINAC OBI. Results: The results showed that this type of low-cost, easy-to-find material can be used for verification purposes under clinical conditions. Conclusions: It can be concluded that source-position quality assurance may be performed through a LINAC OBI device.Öğe Mechanical properties as well as gamma-ray attenuation competence: a wide-ranging examination into Tb3+ doped boro-germanate- aluminiophosphate (BGAP) glasses(ELSEVIER, 2022) Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; ALMisned, Ghada; Ahmed, Emad M.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Ene, Antoaneta; Rammah, Y. S.The mechanical properties and radiation attenuation competence of Tb3 thorn ions doped borogermanate-aluminiophosphate (BGAP) glasses with codes Tb15, Tb20, Tb25, Tb30, Tb35, and Tb40 have been investigated. Bond compression model (B-C) and Phy-X/PSD software are used to achieve these aims. All elastic moduli were reduced with increasing the Tb2O3 content in the BGAP glasses. Values of bulk (KB -C) elastic modulus were possessed decreasing from 86.676 GPa for Tb15 glass sample to 80.205 GPa for Tb40 sample. The values of Young's (EB-C) modulus were found to decrease from 118.197 to 115.641 Gpa and Poisson's ratio (sB-C) of the BGAP glasses were reduced from 0.272 to 0.259. The highest values of linear (m) and mass (mm) attenuation coefficients were possessed for the Tb40 glass sample. Therefore, (mass, linear)Tb40 > (mass, linear)Tb35 > (mass, linear)Tb30 > (mass, linear)Tb25 > (mass, linear)Tb20 > (mass, linear)Tb15. Half value layer parameter (T1/2) and mean free path (l) of BGAP glasses were have a similar trend; (l, T1/2)Tb40 < (l, T1/2)Tb35 < (l, T1/2)Tb30 < (l, T1/2)Tb25 < (l, T1/2)Tb20 < (l, T1/2)Tb15. Exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors have a similar attitude for all BGAP glasses. However, the minimum values of EBF and EABF were recorded for the Tb40 sample. Results confirm that Tb40 sample can be considered as superior for radiation shielding among all studied glasses.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Öğe Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3-GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Kavaz, Esra; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report the mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation properties of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses. Using the chemical composition of the selected glasses, the dissociation energy per unit volume (G(t) ) and the packing density (V-t ) were calculated. Using the G(t) and V-t values, Young's, Shear, Bulk, Longitudinal Modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the glasses are calculated. Next several fundamental gamma ray attenuation properties such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, effective electron density, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors are calculated in 0.015-15 MeV energy range. As a consequence of WO3-GdF3 substitution, the glass densities are observed in different values. The overall gamma ray attenuation properties are found to be enhanced through WO3 addition. Moreover, the increasing WO3 incorporation into glass configuration decreases the overall elastic moduli of glasses. It can be concluded that increasing WO3 may be a useful tool for enhancing the gamma ray attenuation qualities and decreasing the elastic moduli of TeO2-WO3-GdF3 in situations where a material with versatile mechanical properties is required.Öğe Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3-P2O5-B2O3-V2O5 quaternary glass system(DE GRUYTER POLAND, 2022) Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; ALMisned, Ghada; Rammah, Yasser Saad; Susoy, Gulfem; Ali, Fatema T.; Şen Baykal, Duygu; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Ene, AntoanetaMechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors (TFs), and gamma-ray shielding performance of quaternary glass systems with chemical composition (0.25-x)Bi2O3-xB(2)O(3)-0.75(50%P2O5-50%V2O5), where x = 0.05 (S1), 0.10 (S2), 0.15 (S3), and 0.20 (S4) mol%, were comprehensively studied. The MCNPX code, Phy-X/PSD software, and the Makishima-Mackenzie model were utilized to achieve the mentioned purposes. The values of the packing density (V (t)) decreased from 0.634432 to 0.600611, while those of the dissociation energy (G (t)) increased from 51.6125 kJ/cm(3) for the S1 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 5 mol%) to 56.7525 kJ/cm(3) for the S4 glass sample (with Bi2O3 = 20 mol%). This means that the mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing the Bi2O3 content in glasses. Linear (mu) and mass attenuation (mu (m)) coefficients for the S4 glass sample were the greatest compared to those for glass materials investigated, i.e., (mu, mu (m))(S1) < (mu, mu (m))(S2) < (mu, mu (m))(S3) < (mu, mu (m))(S4). Half- and tenth-value layers (HVL and TVL, respectively) follow the trend: (HVL, TVL)(S1) > (HVL, TVL)(S2) > (HVL, TVL)(S3) > (HVL, TVL)(S4). The effective atomic number (Z (eff)) of investigated glasses has the same trend as of linear and mass attenuation coefficients. Our findings indicate that increasing the amount of Bi2O3 reinforcement decreased the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values for all mean free path values (0.5-40 mfp). All glasses recorded the minimum TF values at a thickness of 3 cm. The findings would benefit the scientific community in determining the most appropriate additive bismuth(iii) oxide/diboron trioxide type and related glass composition to provide the shielding properties previously mentioned in terms of needs and utilization requirements, as well as the most suitable glass composition.Öğe Physical features of high-density barium–tungstate–phosphate (BTP) glasses: elastic moduli, and gamma transmission factors(MDPI, 2022) Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan; Rammah, Yasser S.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Alomari, Ali Hamed; Ali, Fatema T.; Baykal, Duygu Şen; Elshami, Wiam; Abulyazied D.E.; ALMisned, Ghada; Mostafa A.M.A.; Ene, AntoanetaFunding details Abstract We present elastic moduli, gamma radiation attenuation characteristics, and transmission factor of barium–tungstate–phosphate (BTP) glasses with the chemical formula (60-y)BaO-yWO3-40P2O5, where y = 10 (S1)–40 (S4) in steps of 10 mole%. Different types of mathematical and simulation approaches, such as the Makishima-Mackenzie model, the Monte Carlo method, and the online Phy-X/PSD software, are utilized in terms of determining these parameters. The total packing density (Vt) is enriched from 0.607 to 0.627, while the total energy dissociation (Gt) is enriched by increasing the WO3 content (from 52.2 (kJ/cm3). In the investigated glasses, increasing tungstate trioxide (WO3) contribution enhanced Young’s, shear, bulk, and longitudinal moduli. Moreover, Poisson’s ratio is improved by increasing the WO3 content in the BTP glasses. The 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 sample possessed the highest values of both linear (µ) and mass attenuation (µm) coefficients, i.e., (µ, µm)S4 > (µ, µm)S3 > (µ, µm)S2 > (µ, µm)S1. Moreover, the 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 sample had the lowest values of half (HVL) and tenth (TVL) layers, i.e., (half, tenth)S4 < (half, tenth)S3 < (half, tenth)S2 < (half, tenth)S1. The effective atomic number (Zeff) of the studied glasses has the same behavior as µ and µm. Finally, the 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 is reported with the minimum values of transmission factor (TF) for all the BTP investigated at a thickness of 3 cm. In conclusion, the sample with composition 20BaO-40WO3-40P2O5 which has the maximum WO3 reinforcement may be a beneficial glass sample, along with its advanced mechanical and gamma ray shielding properties. © 2022 by the authors.Öğe A Promising Glass Type in Electronic and Laser Applications: Elastic Moduli, Mechanical, and Photon Transmission Properties of WO3 Reinforced Ternary-Tellurite Glasses(Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Rammah, Yasser S. S.; Khattari, Ziad Y. Y.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, GokhanWe report the symmetry of mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for some tellurite glasses through elastic moduli, mechanical, and transmission properties as a function of varied WO3 amount in glass configuration. Four glass samples, along with different molar compositions as well as WO3/GdF3 substitution ratios, are investigated. Transmission properties using several essential parameters, such as attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, effective atomic numbers, effective conductivity, and buildup factors, are calculated in the 0.015-15 MeV energy range. Moreover, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios (sigma) of the studied glass are calculated using the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The M4 sample with the highest WO3 addition is found with superior photon attenuation properties among the glasses investigated. Poisson's ratio (sigma) is increased, while all elastic moduli are decreased. Young's modulus is reported as 62.23 GPa and 36.45.37 GPa at the highest and lowest WO3 mol%, respectively. It can be concluded that WO3 is a functional and monotonic tool in ternary-tellurite glasses for multiple modifications and enhancement purposes on gamma-ray attenuation, elastic moduli, and mechanical properties. It can also be concluded that increasing the WO3 amount in tellurite glasses may be considered a tool in terms of providing symmetry for mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties.Öğe The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O-Pb3O4-SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gulfem; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Rabaa, Elaf; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, Erkan; Sen Baykal, DuyguWe report the gamma-ray shielding properties of five different lithium silicate glasses based on the (40 - x) Li2O-10Pb(3)O(4)-50SiO(2) nominal composition. Transmission factor values and some basic shielding parameters such as linear (mu) and mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho), half-value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path (MFP) values of the investigated glass samples are determined in a large photon energy range. Using the G-P fitting method at various MFP values, the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values of the examined glasses are also calculated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the S5 glass specimen, which exhibits the greatest Ag2O additive and density among the various glass samples, represents a favorable choice for the purpose of shielding against gamma radiation.Öğe Structural, physical, and radiation absorption properties of a significant nuclear power plant component: A comparison between REX-734 and 316L SS austenitic stainless steels(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) Say, Yakup; Guler, Omer; Kavaz, Esra; ALMisned, Ghada; Ene, Antoaneta; Tekin, Huseyin OzanAustenitic stainless steels (SSs) are commonly used as in-core and surrounding structural materials in today's industrial BWR and PWR systems. Such adaptable steels have also been the primary materials studied and used in several advanced nuclear reactor technologies, such as fast breeding and magnetic fusion reactors. In this study, some critical material properties, such as structural, physical, and radiation-shielding properties of REX-734 and 316L SS, were experimentally evaluated and compared to those of a number of other alloys. In addition to homogeneous element distribution, both alloys exhibit strong crystal orientation. The REX-734 alloy has a tensile strength of 1,259 MPa, whereas the 316L SS alloy has a tensile strength of 495 MPa. Moreover, nitrogen in the REX-734 alloy formed ultra-hard nitrides with Cr, Nb, and Si and precipitated into the structure and increased the strength. According to our findings, the mass attenuation coefficient values of the 316L SS sample were slightly higher than those of the REX-734 sample at all energies. It can be concluded that the REX-734 sample, with its exceptional strength qualities and excellent radiation attenuation capabilities, may be a viable nuclear power plant material for future investigations.Öğe Synthesis, optical, structural, physical, and experimental gamma-ray transmission properties of high-density lead-boro-tellurite glasses: A multi-phases investigation towards providing a behavioral symmetry through Lead(II) oxide(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kurtulus, Recep; Kavas, Taner; Kavaz, Esra; ALMisned, Ghada; Tekin, H. O.We report the synthesis and multiple material properties of newly designed high-density lead-boro-tellurite glass system. The glass formulation as zPbO + [(100-z)(0.2B2O3 + 0.8TeO2)], where z: 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%, were synthesized using a traditional melting technique around 625 to 725 degrees C. After successfully preparing the glass samples coded BT20-Pb10, BT20-Pb15, BT20-Pb20, and BT20-Pb25, some physical, structural, and optical an-alyses were included to serve up a broad understanding. BT20-Pb10, had a density of 5.4125 g/cm3, whilst BT20-Pb25 possessed a density of 6.0756 g/cm3. According to the XRD method, all samples except for BT20-Pb25 had an amorphous structure without any sharp peaks. Furthermore, the transmission percentage was in a decreasing trend parallel to the increasing PbO concentration. This phenomenon also influenced on energy bandgap values to reduce from 2.70 to 2.45 eV for BT20-Pb10 to BT20-Pb25 samples, respectively. In addition to the material characterizations, we studied experimental and theoretical radiation shielding properties. Using experimental methods, the photon absorption properties of the manufactured glasses were studied, and we found out that the BT20-Pb25 sample exhibited the highest MAC values among the compared glasses. Based on MAC findings, other essential parameters, such as HVL and Zeff, were found to be in enhancing way as PbO increased in the glass network. In the context of benchmarking of findings with theoretical and experimental results, it was clearly demonstrated that precise harmony reigns when all eight energy values are taken into account. To sum up, BT20-Pb25 may be regarded as a potential shielding glass for various applications in radiation fields owing to its significant material properties and shielding performance against energetic photons.Öğe Tailoring a Behavioral Symmetry on KERMA, Mass Stopping Power and Projected Range Parameters against Heavy-Charged Particles in Zinc-Tellurite Glasses for Nuclear Applications(Mdpi, 2023) Susam, Lidya Amon; Yilmaz, Ayberk; ALMisned, Ghada; Alan, Hatice Yilmaz; Ozturk, Gizem; Kilic, Gokhan; Tuysuz, BaharWe present the behavioral changes and symmetrical enhancement on KERMA, mass stopping power and projected range parameters against heavy-charged particles through Indium (In) and Tantalum (Ta) incorporations for various zinc-tellurite glass groups such as TZI and ZTT for nuclear applications. SRIM and PAGEX codes are utilized for the determination of investigated attenuation parameters for alpha and proton particles. In KERMA calculations, the ZTT7 sample is reported to have the greatest release of charged particles because of an increase in kinetic energy. The mass stopping power values of all absorbent glass materials are steadily increased from 0 MeV to 0.1 MeV. TZI and ZTT attained their maximum mass stopping power at a kinetic energy value of 0.1 MeV. While comparable behavior patterns are seen for various energy values on the examined energy scale, the ZTT7 sample is observed with lower mass stopping power and projected range values against proton particles than the other samples. It can be concluded that zinc-telluride glasses through maximum Ta-reinforcement may be considered as promising materials for stopping the proton and alpha particles. Moreover, Ta-reinforcement may be considered as a monotonic tool in terms of providing a symmetry for attenuation enhancement against heavy-charged particles.
