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    Combinations of wharton Jelly derived exosomes and salicylic acid: A new hope for eradication of cutaneous leishmaniasis
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 2022) Köken, Gülnaz Yıldırım; Abamor, Emrah Şefik; Allahverdiyev, Adil; Karaöz, Erdal
    The aim of the current study is to obtain wharton jelly derived exosomes, prepare therapeutic formulations including combinations of isolated exosomes and salicylic acid, investigate their in vitro antileishmanial activities against L.major promastigotes and amastigotes in order to develop a new alternative approach for recovery of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells were characterized by flow cytomeric analysis, zeta-sizer measurements and SEM visualization techniques. Following to demonstration of exosome existence, non-toxic concentrations of exosomes and salicylic acid were determined on L929 and J774 cells. The combined doses of exosomes and salicylic acid were applied on L.major promastigote and amastigote-macrophage culture by evaluation of various biological parameters of parasites such as viability, metabolic activity and infectivity. Obtained results indicate that combinations including non-toxic concentrations of exosome and salicylic acid displayed brilliant antileishmanial performances against each form of Leishmania parasites and this effect was too much bigger than use of these agents alone. We observed that combination applications substantially inhibited the viability and metabolic activity values of parasites and completely prevent the infection of macrophages with Leishmania promastigotes. These results reveal that exosome and salicylic acid combinations possessed significant inhibitory efficacies on L.major parasites. We foreseen that they would be further used in eradication of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with a high success.
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    Polymeric approach to adjuvant system in antibody production against leishmaniasis based on hybridoma technology
    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2022) Yıldız, Aslı Pınar Zorba; Köken, Gülnaz Yıldırım; Abamor, Emrah Şefik; Bağırova, Melahat; Tosyalı, Özlem Ayşe; Kocagöz, Tanil; Allahverdiyev, Adil
    Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease, which is one of the serious public health problems in the world. Nowadays, antibody production using hybridoma technology may be a correct approach in terms of sensitivity in the diagnosis of diseases such as leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was investigation of the effectiveness of different adjuvants on polyclonal antibody production against L. tropica based on hybridoma technique.Methods: Accordingly, Freund's adjuvant (1956, M. tuberculosis), as a classic adjuvant in studies, was used comparatively with the non-toxic polymeric based Polyoxidonium adjuvant. All animal immunization procedures were conducted at Bezm-i Alem University Experimental Animal Research Center. The adjuvant response was tested both in the serum sample and in the antibodies produced by the hybridomas. The antibody titers were determined with ELISA.Results: Freund's and Polyoxidonium (PO) group blood titer's increased approximately 5.5 fold compared to control after the 6(th) and 8(th) immunization. Hybridomas produced from mice immunized with PO adjuvant induced only antigen-specific antibody response and did not develop an immune response against the adjuvant.Conclusion: Adjuvant selection is very important in terms of the specificity of antibody responses of cells produced in hybridoma technology. Therefore, PO is recommended as a new adjuvant system in this study.
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    Preparation and characterization of graphene-based 3D biohybrid hydrogel bioink for peripheral neuroengineering
    (Jove, 2022) Zorba Yıldız, Aslı Pınar; Darıcı, Hakan; Yavuz, Burçak; Abamor, Emrah Şefik; Özdemir, Ceren; Yasin, Müge Elif; Bağırova, Melahat; Allahverdiyev, Adil; Karaöz, Erdal
    Peripheral neuropathies can occur as a result of axonal damage, and occasionally due to demyelinating diseases. Peripheral nerve damage is a global problem that occurs in 1.5%-5% of emergency patients and may lead to significant job losses. Today, tissue engineering-based approaches, consisting of scaffolds, appropriate cell lines, and biosignals, have become more applicable with the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies. The combination of various hydrogel biomaterials with stem cells, exosomes, or bio-signaling molecules is frequently studied to overcome the existing problems in peripheral nerve regeneration. Accordingly, the production of injectable systems, such as hydrogels, or implantable conduit structures formed by various bioprinting methods has gained importance in peripheral neuro-engineering. Under normal conditions, stem cells are the regenerative cells of the body, and their number and functions do not decrease with time to protect their populations; these are not specialized cells but can differentiate upon appropriate stimulation in response to injury. The stem cell system is under the influence of its microenvironment, called the stem cell niche. In peripheral nerve injuries, especially in neurotmesis, this microenvironment cannot be fully rescued even after surgically binding severed nerve endings together. The composite biomaterials and combined cellular therapies approach increases the functionality and applicability of materials in terms of various properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and processability. Accordingly, this study aims to demonstrate the preparation and use of graphene-based biohybrid hydrogel patterning and to examine the differentiation efficiency of stem cells into nerve cells, which can be an effective solution in nerve regeneration.