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    Assessment of dietary and lifestyle responses after COVID-19 vaccine availability in selected arab countries
    (Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022) Cheikh İsmail, Leila; Osaili, Tareq M.; Mohamad, Maysm N.; Al Marzouqi, Amina; Habib-Mourad, Carla; Abu Jamous, Dima O.; I. Ali, Habiba; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Hasan, Hayder; Hassan, Hussein; Stojanovska, Lily; Hashim, Mona; AlHaway, Muna; Qasrawi, Radwan; Shaker Obaid, Reyad R.; Al Daour, Rameez; Saleh, Sheima T.; Al Dhaheri, Ayesha S.
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been consistently associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and dietary practices. This study aimed to assess the dietary and lifestyle behaviors of adults after COVID-19 vaccine availability and their attitude toward the vaccine in selected Arab countries. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted between October 2021 and December 2021 using Google Forms (n = 2259). A multi-component questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine, and behavioral, dietary, and lifestyle responses after easing the restriction. Participants were given a score based on the sum of positive dietary and lifestyle changes. The generalized linear models were used to identify the association between positive dietary and lifestyle changes score and sociodemographic characteristics.
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    Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding among mothers of infants in Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
    (Frontiers, 2022) Al Sabbah, Haleama; Assaf, Enas A.; Taha, Zainab; Qasrawi, Radwan; Radwan, Hadia
    Background: Breastfeeding (BF) is considered the ultimate method of infant feeding for at least the first 6 months of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is one of the most effective interventions to improve child survival. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the associated factors among women in Dubai and Sharjah, UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals and four healthcare centers in Dubai and Sharjah between September 2017 and December 2017. Hospitals and centers are governmental and provide maternal and child health services. A convenience sample of 858 Arab and Emirati mothers with children under the age of 2 years participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by using structured questionnaires. The study was approved by the University Ethical Committee and the UAE Ministry of Health before data collection. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe all the questionnaire items. The chi-square test was used to compare the study’s categorical variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict the relationship between BF and its associated factors. Statistical tests with P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participating mothers was 30.6 (SD 5.5) years. Results showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among the study participants was 24.4% (31.1% in Sharjah and 22% in Dubai; P = 0.003). The binary logistic regression reported that mother’s and father’s education, skin-to-skin period, number of children, mothers’ health, and place of living were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.05). The results reported a significant association between EB and duration of breastfeeding (OR = 6.9, P = 0.002), husband education (OR = 2.1, P = 0.015), mother education (OR = 1.3, P = 0.027), number of children (OR = 7.9, P = 0.045), having any health problem (OR = 1.2, P = 0.045), and living place (OR = 1.4, P = 0.033), and a non-significant positive effect of family size and family income. Furthermore, the result reported a significant association betweenmixed breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding (OR = 0.1, P = 0.000), skin-to-skin period (OR = 0.3, P = 0.002), underweight (OR = 4.7, P = 0.034), last infant’s sex (OR = 1.6, P = 0.010), having maid at home (OR = 2.1, P = 0.000), number of children (OR = 0.2, P = 0.013), and living place (OR =1.1, P = 0.014), and a non-significant association with family size and family income. Conclusions: Therefore, a health promotion program for exclusive breastfeeding during antenatal health visits, together with initiating health policies in maternal hospitals to encourage the initiation of breastfeeding during the first hour of birth and the introduction of skin-to-skin contact during the first 5 min of birth are highly recommended.
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    Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding among mothers of infants in Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
    (Frontiers in Nutrition, 2022) Al Sabbah, Haleama; Assaf, Enas A.; Taha, Zainab; Qasrawi, Radwan; Radwan, Hadia
    Background: Breastfeeding (BF) is considered the ultimate method of infant feeding for at least the first six months of life. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the associated factors among women in Dubai and Sharjah, UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals and four healthcare centers in Dubai and Sharjah between September 2017 and December 2017. Hospitals and centers are governmental, and provide maternal and child health services. A convenience sample of 858 Arab and Emirati mothers for children under the age of 2 years participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by using structured questionnaires. The study was approved by the University Ethical Committee and UAE Ministry of Health prior to data collection. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe all the questionnaire items. Chi-square test was used to compare between the study categorical variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict the relationship between BF and its associated factors. Statistical tests with p- values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participating mothers was 30.6 (SD 5.5) years. Results showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among the study participants was 24.4% (31.1 in Sharjah and 22% in Dubai) (p =.003). The binary logistic regression reported that mother’s and father’s education, skin-to-skin period, number of children, mothers’ health, and place of living were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results reported a significant and positive effect with the duration of breast feeding, skin to skin period, underweight, last infant sex, number of children , and having a maid at home, and a non-significant positive effect of family size, and family income on the increased odds ratio of mixed breastfeeding (OR=2.1, p=.000; OR=7.1, p=0.926; and OR=2.5, p=0.755). Conclusions: Therefore, a health promotion program for exclusive breastfeeding during antenatal health visits, together with initiating health policies in maternal hospitals to encourage the initiation of breastfeeding during the first hour of birth and the introduction of skin-to-skin contact during the first five minutes of birth.
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    Editorial: Innovation and trends in the global food systems, dietary patterns and healthy sustainable lifestyle in the digital age
    (Frontiers Media, 2023) Hoteit, Maha; Qasrawi, Radwan; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Tayyem, Reema
    The global food systems are undergoing significant changes due to evolving dietary habits and the digital era's influence, impacting health and overall global stability. As processed foods and sedentary lifestyles become more prevalent, there's a marked increase in non-communicable diseases like obesity and diabetes. Despite advancements in food security in developed regions, low-to-middle-income countries still grapple with substantial challenges, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic's disruptions. Technology offers promising solutions. Developments in artificial intelligence, data science, and ICT are reshaping our understanding and approaches to global food systems, dietary choices, and sustainable health behaviors. This Research Topic compiles studies examining the intersection of food security, nutrition, and technological innovation. Comprising 15 papers, the collection emphasizes global dietary trends, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, both pre and post-COVID-19. Highlights include the growing prevalence of nutrition-related diseases in the region, the efficacy of long-term dietary interventions for obesity, the links between dietary patterns and childhood anemia, and the ripple effect of parental dietary habits on families. The importance of maintaining practices like the Mediterranean Diet is also underscored, given its health benefits.
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    The impact of COVID-19 on physical (in)activity behavior in 10 Arab countries
    (MDPI, 2022) Al Sabbah, Haleama; Taha, Zainab; Qasrawi, Radwan; Assaf, Enas A.; Ismail, Leila Cheikh
    Insufficient physical activity is considered a strong risk factor associated with non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on physical (in)activity behavior in 10 Arab countries before and during the lockdown. A cross-sectional study using a validated online survey was launched originally in 38 different countries. The Eastern Mediterranean regional data related to the 10 Arabic countries that participated in the survey were selected for analysis in this study. A total of 12,433 participants were included in this analysis. The mean age of the participants was 30.3 (SD, 11.7) years. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between physical activity levels and the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, watching TV, screen time, and computer usage. Physical activity levels decreased significantly during the lockdown. Participants' country of origin, gender, and education were associated with physical activity before and during the lockdown (p < 0.050). Older age, watching TV, and using computers had a negative effect on physical activity before and during the lockdown (p < 0.050). Strategies to improve physical activity and minimize sedentary behavior should be implemented, as well as to reduce unhealthy levels of inactive time, especially during times of crisis. Further research on the influence of a lack of physical activity on overall health status, as well as on the COVID-19 disease effect is recommended.
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    Machine learning techniques for the identification of risk factors associated with food insecurity among adults in Arab countries during the COVID?19 pandemic
    (BioMed Central, 2023) Qasrawi, Radwan; Hoteit, Maha; Tayyem, Reema; Bookari, Khlood; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Kamel, Iman; Dashti, Somaia; Allehdan, Sabika; Bawadi, Hiba; Waly, Mostafa; Ibrahim, Mohammed O.; The Regional Corona Cooking Survey Group; Polo, Stephanny Vicuna; Al?Halawa, Diala Abu
    Background A direct consequence of global warming, and strongly correlated with poor physical and mental health, food insecurity is a rising global concern associated with low dietary intake. The Coronavirus pandemic has further aggravated food insecurity among vulnerable communities, and thus has sparked the global conversation of equal food access, food distribution, and improvement of food support programs. This research was designed to identify the key features associated with food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic using Machine learning techniques. Seven machine learning algorithms were used in the model, which used a dataset of 32 features. The model was designed to predict food insecurity across ten Arab countries in the Gulf and Mediterranean regions. A total of 13,443 participants were extracted from the international Corona Cooking Survey conducted by 38 different countries during the COVID -19 pandemic. Results The findings indicate that Jordanian, Palestinian, Lebanese, and Saudi Arabian respondents reported the highest rates of food insecurity in the region (15.4%, 13.7%, 13.7% and 11.3% respectively). On the other hand, Oman and Bahrain reported the lowest rates (5.4% and 5.5% respectively). Our model obtained accuracy levels of 70%-82% in all algorithms. Gradient Boosting and Random Forest techniques had the highest performance levels in predicting food insecurity (82% and 80% respectively). Place of residence, age, financial instability, difficulties in accessing food, and depression were found to be the most relevant features associated with food insecurity. Conclusions The ML algorithms seem to be an effective method in early detection and prediction of food insecurity and can profoundly aid policymaking. The integration of ML approaches in public health strategies could potentially improve the development of targeted and effective interventions to combat food insecurity in these regions and globally.
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    Perspectives and practices of dietitians with regards to social/mass media use during the transitions from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey in 10 Arab countries
    (Frontiers, 2023) Bookari, Khlood; Arrish, Jamila M.; Alkhalaf, Majid H.; Alharbi, Mudi; Zaher, Sara M.; Alotaibi, Hawazin; Tayyem, Reema; Al-Awwad, Narmeen; Qasrawi, Radwan; Allehdan, Sabika; Al Sabbah, Haleama; AlMajed, Sana; Al Hinai, Eiman; Kamel, Iman; El Ati, Jalila; Harb, Ziad; Hoteit, Maha
    During the COVID-19 pandemic, most healthcare professionals switched from face-to-face clinical encounters to telehealth. This study sought to investigate the dietitians’ perceptions and practices toward the use of social/mass media platforms amid the transition from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involving a convenient sample of 2,542 dietitians (mean age?=?31.7?±?9.5; females: 88.2%) was launched in 10 Arab countries between November 2020 and January 2021. Data were collected using an online self-administrated questionnaire. Study findings showed that dietitians’ reliance on telenutrition increased by 11% during the pandemic, p?=?0.001. Furthermore, 63.0% of them reported adopting telenutrition to cover consultation activities. Instagram was the platform that was most frequently used by 51.7% of dietitians. Dietitians shouldered new difficulties in dispelling nutrition myths during the pandemic (58.2% reported doing so vs. 51.4% pre-pandemic, p?
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    Status and correlates of food and nutrition literacy among parents-adolescents’ dyads: findings from 10 Arab countries
    (Frontiers Media, 2023) Hoteit, Maha; Mansour, Rania; Mohsen, Hala; Bookari, Khlood; Hammouh, Fadwa; Allehdan, Sabika; AlKazemi, Dalal; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Benkirane, Hasnae; Kamel, Iman; Qasrawi, Radwan; Tayyem, Reema
    Background: Food literacy is capturing the attention worldwide and gaining traction in the Arab countries. Strengthening food and nutrition literacy among Arab teenagers are important promising empowering tools which can protect them from malnutrition. This study aims to assess the nutrition literacy status of adolescents with the food literacy of their parents in 10 Arab countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study involving a convenient sample of 5,401 adolescent-parent dyads (adolescents: mean age?±?SD: 15.9?±?3.0, females: 46.8%; parents: mean age?±?SD: 45.0?±?9.1, mothers: 67.8%) was launched between 29 April and 6 June 2022 in 10 Arab nations. The Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS) and the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ) were used to meet the study aims. Results: More than one-quarter (28%) of adolescents had poor nutrition literacy, with 60% of their parents being food illiterate. The top three countries with nutritionally” less literate” adolescents were Qatar (44%), Lebanon (37.4%), and Saudi Arabia (34.9%). Adolescents’ age, gender, education level, primary caregivers, employment status, and the inclusion of nutrition education in the schools’ curriculum predicted the nutrition literacy levels of Arab adolescents. Besides, parental weight status, health status, parent’s food literacy level, and the number of children per household were significant determinants too. Adolescents studying at a university and having parents with adequate food literacy had the highest odds of being nutritionally literate (OR?=?4.5, CI?=?1.8–11.5, p?=?0.001, OR?=?1.8, CI?= 1.6–2.1, p?