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    Mass spectrometric analysis of bioactive conditioned media of bacteria isolated from reptilian gut
    (Future Sci Ltd, 2023) Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Akbar, Noor; Soares, Nelson Cruz; Al-Hroub, Hamza Mohammad; Semreen, Mohammad Harb; Maciver, Sutherland K.; Khan, Naveed Ahmed
    Plain language summaryCrocodiles thrive in unsanitary conditions, feed on rotten meat, and endure conditions that are detrimental to human health. In addition to their immune system, we speculate that their microbial gut flora produce substances contributing to their hardiness and longevity. Herein, we showed that selected bacteria isolated from crocodile gut produced potent antibacterial properties against multiple drug-resistant pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LC-MS/MS revealed the identity of gut microbial metabolites. These findings suggest that analyses of crocodile gut bacteria may reveal potential drug leads that can be utilized as probiotics/pre/post/antibiotics for the benefit of human health, however intensive future research is needed to realize these expectations. Aim: To determine whether selected gut bacteria of crocodile exhibit antibacterial properties. Materials & methods: Two bacteria isolated from Crocodylus porosus gut were used, namely: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas dhakensis. Conditioned media were tested against pathogenic bacteria and metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results & conclusion: Antibacterial assays revealed that conditioned media showed potent effects against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. LC-MS revealed identity of 210 metabolites. The abundant metabolites were, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine, Acetaminophen, Trans-Ferulic acid, N, N-Dimethylformamide, Pyrocatechol, Cyclohexanone, Diphenhydramine, Melatonin, Gamma-terpinene, Cysteamine, 3-phenoxypropionic acid, Indole-3-carbinol, Benzaldehyde, Benzocaine, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, 3-Methylindole. These findings suggest that crocodile gut bacteria are potential source of novel bioactive molecules that can be utilized as pre/post/antibiotics for the benefit of human health. Tweetable abstractGut microbiome of hardy crocodile is a potential pharmacy that should be exploited for human benefit.