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    Assessment of heavy metals contamination of sediments and surface waters of Bitter lake, Suez Canal, Egypt: Ecological risks and human health
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Shetaia, Said A.; Nasr, Riham A.; Lasheen, El Saeed R.; Dar, Mahmoud A.; Al-Mur, Bandar A.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface waters and sediments of Bitter Lake were investigated to assess the level, distribution, and source of pollution and the associated ecological and human health risks. The ecological indices of the lake water indicate low contamination degrees by heavy metals. A dermal exposurebased health risk evaluation revealed no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic impact on human health. The contamination factor (CF) for Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, and Zn (CF < 1) indicate low contamination levels, while Cd reaches very high contamination in most sediment sites (CF ranges from 6.2 to 72.4). Furthermore, the potential ecological risk factor (Eri) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ) indicate low ecological risk for all metals except Cd, revealing high to very high-level ecological risk in most sites (Eri ranges from 185 to 2173 and mHQ from 1.8 to 6.3). This emphasizes the urgency of prompt actions to improve the environment in Bitter Lake.
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    Dolphin-shaped island: Exploring the natural resources and radiological hazards of Wadi El Gemal Island
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Khaleal, Farrage M.; Tahoon, Mohamed A.; Saleh, Gehad M.; Kamar, Mohamed S.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Zidan, Ibrahim H.; Al-Mur, Bandar A.
    The objective of this study is to assess the natural resources and radiological risks of Wadi El Gemal Island by examining its topography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and radioactive distributions. This island, which is situated at the outlet of Wadi El Gemal in Egypt's southeastern Desert, has a unique shape resembling a dolphin based on Landsat imagery. It's a part of the Wadi El Gemal-Hamata Protectorate and is notable for its diverse environmental, geological, economic, and archeological features, including recent reefs, sandy deposits, Quaternary carbonate sediments, and mangroves. The main natural resources on the island are fauna, mangrove forests, and flora. Samples collected from the island were analyzed using a NaI detector to measure the concentrations of radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K, which were found to be within acceptable levels according to UNSCAR guidelines. The radionuclide 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activity concentrations of the collected samples were 32.55 & PLUSMN; 9, 12.63 & PLUSMN; 4, 12.49 & PLUSMN; 4, and 325 & PLUSMN; 34 Bq/kg, respectively. Regarding radiological hazard indices, the values of absorbed gamma dose rate (36.06 & PLUSMN; 5.42 nGy/h), radium equivalent activity (73.88 & PLUSMN; 14.4 Bq/kg), annual effective dose indoor (0.18 & PLUSMN; 0.03 mSv/y) and outdoor (0.04 & PLUSMN; 0.01 mSv/y), internal (0.29 & PLUSMN; 0.05) and external (0.2 & PLUSMN; 0.03) indices, and excess lifetime cancer index (0.15 & PLUSMN; 0.05 x 10-3).This is suggest that there is no significant risk associated with these sediments.