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Öğe Assessment of acceptance, concerns and side effects towards COVID-19 vaccination among the community: A cross-sectional study from Baghdad, Iraq(Elsevier - Division Reed Elsevier India Pvt Ltd, 2023) Albasry, Zahraa; Al-Taie, AnmarIntroduction: The newly developed and marketed vaccines along with concerns about vaccine safety and long -term side effects has been raised an alarming in the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of acceptance, perceptions and concerns towards receiving COVID-19 vaccines and to explore the incidence of vaccines' side effects among Iraqi population in Baghdad province, Iraq.Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted via direct interviews among a convenient sample size of Iraqi population using a structured validated questionnaire consisting of using 24-item questionnaire to assess acceptance, concerns and the incidence of vaccines' side effects towards receiving COVID-19 vaccines.Results: A total of 500 participants with an average age of 27.8 +/- 3.7 years were included. Majority were females (70.6%). 43.4% had a history of COVID-19, and 46% received the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. 73.4% (P < 0.0001) agreed about the importance of receiving the vaccination to protect the community against the COVID-19.46.8% (P < 0.0001) were unsure about the adverse effects and long-term vaccine safety. 72.8% reported that trans-mission of COVID-19 infection to family members is the main concern for accepting vaccination. Fatigue (60%), injection site reactions (55.8%) were the most common vaccine's side effects. Young age (P = 0.001), females (P < 0.0001), and university educational (P < 0.0001) were the most significant determents for accepting vaccination.Conclusion: This study highlights that the Iraqi population showed a considerable acceptance rate for the COVID-19 vaccines. However, vaccine safety is considered a high priority concern associated with the willingness of the population to vaccinate.Öğe Assessment of Knowledge of Cancer Risk Factors and Awareness of Early Cancer Warning Signs among University Students(Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2024) Al-Taie, Anmar; Bukar, AishaObjective: To predict the level of knowledge about cancer risk factors and the level of awareness of the most common warning symptoms of cancer among university students in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus among university students from different academic disciplines, including medical and non-medical disciplines, using a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 150 students participated in this study, half of them were non-medical students (51.3%). There was a low level of knowledge of cancer risk factors reported by most of the respondents of both groups. The difference between the responses to risk factors between the medical and non-medical students was found to be statistically significant regarding alcohol consumption (9.6% vs. 13%; p=.004), consumption of processed red meat (12.3% vs. 54.5%; p<.001), family history of cancer (4.1% vs. 6.5%; p<.001), respectively. Permanent unexplained pain was significantly recognized by the respondents of the medical group compared to the non-medical group (48% vs. 18.2%; p<0.001). The medical and non-medical participants reported a low mean knowledge (2.24 +/- 1.52 vs. 3.11 +/- 1.60); and mean awareness (1.70 +/- 0.91 vs. 1.00 +/- 0.81), respectively. Conclusion: There is a gap and low knowledge about cancer prevention and awareness of cancer signs among medical and non-medical undergraduates. Efforts should be made to increase cancer knowledge and awareness through continuing education programs for all university students at various levels to detect cancer early.Öğe Clinically Approved Monoclonal Antibodies-based Immunotherapy: Association With Glycemic Control and Impact Role of Clinical Pharmacist for Cancer Patient Care(Elsevier, 2024) Al-Taie, Anmar; Sheta, NajatPurpose: Compared with more conventional, nonspecific therapy options, such as radiotherapy and chemother-apy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) constitute a crucial approach of cancer treatment. Multiple autoimmune diseases have been observed during treatment with mAb medications, including autoimmune diabetes mellitus (DM). This study provides a narrative review of clinically approved mAbs in cancer treatment and focuses on the development of hyperglycemia and DM arising from using these therapies. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of oncology clinical pharmacists in the management of autoimmune DM and patient care while using these medications in an oncology setting. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using various sources of electronic databases, such as Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed, and search engines, such as Google Scholar, for studies on mAb classification, types, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic properties, current clinical applications, and the associated common adverse effects with significant recommendations for patient care in an oncology setting, along with focusing on the proposed mechanisms and clinical studies that reported the association of DM after the use of these therapies. Findings: There are 4 types (murine, chimeric, humanized, and human) and 3 classes (unconjugated, conjugated, and bispecific) of mAbs with several mechanisms of action that can destroy cancer cells, including preventing tu-mor cell survival cascades, inhibiting tumor growth by interfering with tumor angiogenesis, evading programmed cell death, and bypassing immune checkpoints. However, multiple endocrinopathies, autoimmune diseases, and complications were reported from the use of these medications, including the development of autoimmune DM and diabetic ketoacidosis. These autoimmune disorders were reported most with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, including inhibitors of the programmed cell death protein 1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab), its lig-and (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ipilimumab). Implications: mAbs are considered important approaches for the treatment of many cancer types. However, a high incidence of hyperglycemia, type 1 DM, and diabetic ketoacidosis is observed with the use of these medications, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. It is important for oncologic clinical pharmacists to be involved in addressing these autoimmune disorders from the use of these immunotherapies via the provision of patient edu-cation, medication adherence support, close monitoring, and follow-up, which will lead to better health-related outcomes and improved patient quality of life.Öğe A cross-sectional study of community pharmacists' self-reported disease knowledge and competence in the treatment of childhood autism spectrum disorder(SPRINGER NATURE, 2022) Yılmaz, Zekiye; Al-Taie, AnmarBackground Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that can cause signifcant social, communication, and behavioural challenges. Given the rising prevalence of autism and multiple medication use, healthcare professionals, including community pharmacists, are required to have sufcient ASD knowledge to afect positively the disease prognosis and related comorbidities. Aim To assess community pharmacists’ knowledge of disease and pharmacotherapy of ASD, along with the provision of patient education and counselling provided by, community pharmacists in Turkey. Method This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among community pharmacists in Turkey using a structured, validated questionnaire to assess ASD knowledge, awareness, and the provision of patient education and counselling by community pharmacists. Results 486 community pharmacists were included, with a mean age of 39.69±13.10 years, and most (n=151, 31.1%) in the age range between 20 and 29 years. 96.3% of community pharmacists never had training about ASD. 32.9% of the participants were aware of the medicines for ASD treatment, and 25.7% were aware of the drugs’ side efects. The mean overall knowledge about childhood autism among health workers questionnaire (KCAHW) score was 11.83±3.91, and there was a statistically signifcant KCAHW score diference between other pharmacists and those with ASD training (p=0.006). Conclusion There is a lack of disease and pharmacotherapy knowledge about childhood ASD among Turkish community pharmacists, particularly about communication impairment, type, onset, and comorbidities, as well as poor knowledge about drug pharmacotherapy and patient counselling services. This potentially creates a barrier to the adequate provision of healthcare to autistic patients.Öğe A cross-sectional study of patients' practices, knowledge and attitudes of antibiotics among Iraqi population(2021) Hussein, Ali N.; Albasry, Zahraa; Al-Taie, AnmarIntroduction: The misconception and misuse of antibiotics among the public has been widely outlined to be one of the main reasons for bacterial resistance. The aim of the present study was to assess the practices, level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the rational and self-medication use of antibiotics in the general public in different districts of Baghdad province, Iraq. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 384 participants through an interview using a structured 3-parts questionnaire, consisting of 24 items assessing the demographic characteristics, practices, level of knowledge and attitude towards rational antibiotics use. Results: 45.8% of the study participants reported self-medication of antibiotics without prescription. Flu/common cold and sore throat represented the majority of medical conditions for antibiotics intake without prescription (44.9%, 31.3%) respectively. Oral amoxicillin (34.1%) was the most common non-prescription antibiotic. 50.3% had education about the rational use of antibiotics. 41.4% reported intake of antibiotics after having medical advice, 44% suggested their antibiotics not to be used by other members, and 52.9% stated the importance of antibiotic education among the public. However, 57% of the respondents had negative attitudes regarding antibiotics use for sore throat/fever, the effectiveness of antibiotics for cold/flu (54.7%) and cough (49.2%), to keep antibiotics for future use (40.9%) and not completing the antibiotic course after feeling well (49.2%). Conclusions: A widespread use of antibiotics without prescription was reported, providing some crucial gaps and a lower level of practice, knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of antibiotics among a sample of the Iraqi population. Keywords: Antibiotics misuse; Attitudes; Iraq; Knowledge; practice; self-medication.Öğe Diabetic microvascular complications and proposed interventions and approaches of management for patient care(WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, 2021) Al-Taie, Anmar; Elseidy, Assem Sabbah; Victoria, Arueyingho Oritsetimeyin; Hafeez, Abdul; Ahmad, ShmmonPatients with diabetes mellitus are more likely to suffer microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy, which, if undiagnosed or untreated, may have a debilitating effect on patients' quality of life and pose a substantial financial strain on health-care providers. Glycemic regulation and diabetes length are the most powerful risk factors; nevertheless, other modifiable risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, as well as unmodifiable risk factors, including age at onset of diabetes and genetic factors can all play a role. In addition to the involvement of potential risk factors, several links have been discovered between diabetic microvascular complications and one another, which seems to be significant associations for the development of these different microvascular complications. However, in order to help mitigate morbidity and mortality, considering the initiation and progression of all three complications as interconnected must be identified and managed at an early stage. Therefore, a variety of approaches to developing therapies to mitigate the negative effects of these complications are currently being studied in clinical trials which may contribute to potential long-term benefits in the management of different diabetic microvascular complications. This literature review summarizes the cellular and molecular pathways that lead to diabetic microvascular pathologies with emphasis on the clinical benefits of a variety of therapeutic approaches and insights into simple, comprehensive therapeutic interventions for clinical practice which could be optimal to reduce the risk and severity of different diabetic microvascular complications.Öğe Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of current drug treatments on the clinical outcomes of paediatric spinal muscular atrophy type 1: A systematic review(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Al-Taie, Anmar; Koseoglu, AygulSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe hereditary lower motor neuron disorder characterised by degeneration of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in progressive weakness and paralysis of proximal muscles. A systematic literature search was carried out by using PRISMA guidelines and searching through different databases that could provide findings of evidence on the health outcomes of the approved therapies for the management of paediatric SMA type 1 regarding efficacy with follow-up in terms of motor and respiratory functions and the tolerability and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) post-treatment from real-world publications. Half of the publications (50%) had a prospective observational design. Eight studies (66.7%) assessed nusinersen, and three studies (25%) assessed onasemnogene abeparvovec with a duration of follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years to evaluate the motor and respiratory functions using different assessment tools, hospitalisation rates, and the tolerability and incidence of ADRs post-treatment. The three currently approved treatments for SMA type 1 provided good support and health outcomes in terms of motor function, respiratory outcomes, reduction of hospitalisations, and improvement of survival. Nevertheless, uncertainties regarding continued improvement after long-term illness and the generalizability of results are still unknown.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Implications of health care providers by physicians' and pharmacists' attitudes and perceptive barriers towards ınterprofessional collaborative practices(Univ Sao Paulo, Conjunto Quimicas, 2022) Al-Taie, AnmarThe study was aimed at assessing and comparing physicians' and pharmacists' attitudes and experiences with collaborative practices, along with the extent of barriers toward interprofessional collaboration in Iraqi healthcare settings. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians and pharmacists in different healthcare settings in Baghdad, Iraq through an interview using a structured 3-part questionnaire, assessing the demographic characteristics, attitudes and barriers to interprofessional collaborative practices. A total of 384 participants were enrolled in this study. The physicians and pharmacists reported a significant positive attitudes towards collaboration, such as ''pharmacists are qualified to assess and respond to patients' drug treatment needs'' (69.8%, vs. 89.6%,; P=0.001);''pharmacists have special expertise in counseling patients on drug treatment'' (59.9%, vs. 86%; P=0.001); ''physicians and pharmacists should be educated to establish collaborative relationships'' (80.7%, vs. 100%; P=0.001), respectively. However, 57.3% of the physicians agreed about lack or inadequate of pharmacists' time to provide direct and effective patient care because of medications dispensing duties'', while 56.8% of the pharmacists disagreed about this barrier (P=0.005). Both professions reported significant, positive attitudes and shared some barriers toward collaborative practices; however, there is a disagreement in some areas in which both professions would like more collaboration for better patient care.Öğe Insights into disease and pharmacotherapy knowledge of Alzheimer's disease among community pharmacists: a cross-sectional study(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2022) Al-Taie, Anmar; Yılmaz, Zekiye K.; Dahman, Hasan; Yardımcı, TurayObjective To assess the knowledge level and awareness of Alzheimer's disease, including knowledge about the disease, pharmacotherapy, provision of patient education and associated factors among community pharmacists across Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among community pharmacists working in Turkey (Group A) and Northern Cyprus (Group B). Disease and pharmacotherapy knowledge of AD were assessed using AD Knowledge Scale (ADKS), and drug treatment (KADT) scale, respectively. Results Both groups reported a moderate level of knowledge of AD, especially medically-oriented domains, with no significant difference regarding the mean ADKS domains (18.8 +/- 2.8 vs. 18.9 +/- 3.4; p = .98). Nevertheless, participants from both groups reported a good level of KADT knowledge about AD treatment (p = .03). Group A reported a statistically significant higher level of knowledge about drug interactions compared with Group B (54.6% vs. 45.8%; p = .01), and knowledge about proper information (79.6% vs. 31.8%; p = .02). There was a statistically significant KADT difference correlated with gender, those having a Master degree, more than 5 years of work experience, and those taking AD training courses. Conclusion There is still a lack of knowledge regarding AD reported by moderate ADKS score, especially in medically-oriented domains, which creates a barrier to early provision of care and preventing AD, noted with no difference among community pharmacists across Turkey and Northern Cyprus.Öğe Insights into patterns of knowledge, practices, and safety use of energy drinks: a cross-sectional observational study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Arueyingho, Oritsetimeyin; Al-Taie, AnmarBackground: Energy drinks (EDs) are largely consumed by adolescents and sports youths without understanding safety precautions and associated side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices, and safety use, including the occurrence of side effects of EDs among adolescents and sports youths in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among adolescents and sports youths in Kyrenia province, Northern Cyprus, using a structured three-part questionnaire, consisting of 22 items to assess the knowledge, practices, and safety use of EDs. Results: The most common reported adverse effects were insomnia and palpitations (24%), diuresis (18.7%), headache (17.7%), and stress (15.6%). The study participants reported a statistically significant low knowledge about the ingredients of EDs (P < 0.0001) and side effects of EDs (P = 0.05). Although statistically nonsignificant, the study participants also reported a low knowledge about ED intake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: There is still a lack of knowledge regarding ED consumption among the adolescents and sports youths in Northern Cyprus reported by low level of knowledge about the ingredients of EDs, their potential effects, and incidence of side effects along with correct consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic which creates a barrier to healthy dietary patterns.Öğe Intention and hesitancy to receive a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women using a health belief model: A cross-sectional study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Al-Taie, Anmar; Yilmaz, Zekiye; Cakiroglu, Ahmet Yigit; Candan, Gulnihal; Bildirici, SelinObjective: To examine the pattern of COVID-19 infection and vaccination, and to explore pregnant women's willingness and reluctance to accept a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a convenient sample size using a structured questionnaire among pregnant women attending the gynecology and obstetrics department at Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye. The Health Belief Model scale was used to assess the intention and reluctance to accept a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.Results: A total of 145 participants, with a mean age of (33.5 +/- 4.8) years, and a gestational age of (30.9 +/- 7.3) weeks, were enrolled in this study. 88.8% Received full doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. 47.8% Participants suffered from vaccine adverse effects. Health Belief Model demonstrated a significant finding of perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity of COVID-19 complications (P<0.001), and perceived benefits regarding a booster COVID-19 vaccination (P<0.001).Conclusions: Most pregnant women who received the COVID-19 immunization express a significant intention to receive a booster dose, regardless of the adverse effects experienced from the previous doses. However, a small percentage of the study sample express hesitancy about receiving the booster dose.Öğe The long view on COVID-19 theranostics and oral antivirals: living with endemic disease and lessons from molnupiravir(Atypon, 2022) Al-Taie, Anmar; Denkdemir, Fatma Rana; Büyük, Ayşe Şeyma; Şardaş, SemraThe long view on living with COVID-19 as an endemic disease calls for expanding the planetary health inter-vention toolbox. We will need a battery of vaccines, small molecule oral antiviral drugs, and biomarkers toforecast antiviral drug efficacy and safety. In this context, theranostics refers to fusion of therapeutics and diag-nostics. We examine here emerging pathways to theranostics innovation for COVID-19 oral antiviral drugs,with molnupiravir as a case study. With new virus variants (1) variations in the molnupiravir efficacy target,viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, (2) variability in pharmacokinetics and exposure to molnupiravir activemoiety in fluids on virus entry points to the host (e.g., saliva, tears, and nasal secretions), (3) variability intransformation from prodrug molnupiravir to its active form, and (4) variability in putative adverse effects onhuman/host cells, all warrant attention for prospects and challenges vis a`vis theranostics innovation forCOVID-19 oral antivirals. The emerging lessons from molnupiravar are of interest to future design of COVID-19theranostic research with other oral antiviral medications. Regulatory agencies, the pharmaceutical industry,research funders, governments, and ministries of health around the world have important stewardship roles toadvance the subpopulation level analyses of clinical trial data on oral antiviral drugs for COVID-19. This wouldremedy the current lag in clinically relevant multiomics theranostics for oral antivirals in the battle againstCOVID-19.Öğe A paradigm use of monoclonal antibodies-conjugated nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment: current status and potential approaches(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Al-Taie, Anmar; Bulbul, Ece OzcanMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are integral to cancer treatment over conventional non-specific therapy methods. This study provides a scoping review of the clinically approved mAbs, focusing on the current application of different nanocarrier technologies as drug delivery targets for mAb-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) as potential features for breast cancer (BC) treatment. An extensive literature search was conducted between the years 2000 and 2023 using various sources of databases. The first part covered mAb classification, types, and mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and clinical applications in BC. The second part covered polymeric, lipid and inorganic-based NPs, which are a variety of mAb-conjugated NPs targeting BC. A total of 20 relevant studies were enrolled indicating there are three different types of nanoparticular systems (polymeric NPs, inorganic NPs and lipid-based NPs) that can be used for BC treatment by being loaded with various active substances and conjugated with these antibodies. While mAbs have altered the way in cancer treatment due to targeting cancer cells specifically, the delivery of mAbs with nanoparticulate systems is important in the treatment of BC, as NPs are still being investigated as distinctive and promising drug delivery methods that can be employed for effective treatment of BC.Öğe The potential chemo-preventive roles of Malus domestica against the risk of colorectal cancer: A suggestive insight into clinical application(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Köseoğlu, Aygül; Al-Taie, AnmarBiologically active compounds in fruit-derived ingredients, particularly phytochemicals, have significant potential to modulate and mitigate many pathological processes in the development of disease conditions, including cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major public health issue. Nonetheless, prevention is an important step in lowering the rate of mortality from this cancer. Currently, the link between apple consumption and improved health is becoming remarkably evident and is reported to be beneficial for human health. Phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds extensively available in apple fruits, have well-known positive effects on health outcomes and the potential to combat and prevent the development of CRC, including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-carcinogenic effects. This review describes the bioactive compounds derived from apple fruits, particularly the polyphenols and flavonoids, their proposed mechanisms responsible for their bioactive properties and health-promoting attributes that could provide potential chemo-preventive effects against the risk of CRC development. The conclusion of the review provides insights into the potential effects of apple-derived bioactive compounds and proposes the need for more clinical studies in large trials for future strategies regarding the valuable effects of apple phytochemicals, which might be therapeutic candidates in the campaign against CRC.Öğe Reported knowledge and practices towards the proper use of patient information leaflet among university students(INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL FEDERATION, 2022) Al-Taie, AnmarBackground: A patient information leaflet (PIL) is a valuable tool that can convey basic information about the disease conditions and the recommended medication enabling both the patients and the health care professional to get rapid, easy, and precise access to the treatment process.Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge and practices for appropriate and useful use of PIL among final-year medical and non-medical undergraduate university students in Baghdad, Iraq.Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year undergraduate university students with different academic disciplines, including medical (pharmacy, dentistry) and non-medical disciplines (law, media) in Baghdad, Iraq, using a structured questionnaire to evaluate the level of knowledge and practices towards the proper use of PIL.Result: A total of 384 students enrolled in this study and the majority were medical students (59.1%). The proportion of non-medical students who read the PILs was lower than that of medical students (82.2% vs. 91.6%, p<0.0001). According to participants' responses, 84.6% (p=0.03) of the medical students stated that reading PIL was useful for accurate medication use, while 60.5% of the non-medical students reported that the language of PIL was difficult to understand. Instructions for proper medication intake were significantly higher among the medical students (78%, p<0.0001).Conclusion: An acceptable level of knowledge along with several different practices toward the proper use of PIL while taking medicines was reported among medical and non-medical undergraduate university students.Öğe A scoping systematic assessment for post-marketing abuse drug withdrawal(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2022) Al-Taie, Anmar; Büyük, Ayşe Şeyma; Şardaş, SemraObjectives The aim of this study was to identify the post-marketing withdrawal of medicines due to their adverse drug reactions (ADRs)-related abuse effects and to examine the types of evidence, mechanisms and patterns for the withdrawal decisions after their approval across different geographical regions. Methods By searching through different databases that focused on withdrawn drugs due to their ADRs-related abuse effects between 1930 and 2021 that could provide findings of evidence used in making withdrawal decisions based on the tools of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) criteria alongside sources derived from authorities based on their withdrawal. The outcomes were categorized, and the average time between the launch date of exposure and withdrawal was calculated and stratified. Key findings A total of 33 abused withdrawn drugs. The withdrawals occurred between 1961 and 2007. Psychostimulant drugs accounted for most of the abuse withdrawals (42.4%). Most of the withdrawals occurred between 1981 and 1990 (n = 18, 54.5%). Most withdrawn drugs were in Europe (41, 46.6%) with a minimum withdrawal period of 5 years and an average time of withdrawal of 28.8 years. Conclusions Psychostimulant drugs presented the most abuse withdrawals based on the evidence of case-control studies, and the most withdrawals were in Europe. The duration of withdrawn drugs was different from region to region in different continents. More intensive research is required to further reduce the time duration between drug marketing and withdrawal, which will help improve decision-making processes with favourable benefit-risk ratio outcomes.Öğe Tixagevimab and cilgavimab: Can we see more recommendations for monoclonal antibodies beyond COVID-19 vaccination(Cambridge University Press, 2022) Al-Taie, AnmarNearly three years after its detection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2, is still a life-threatening global pandemic health disease that contributed to a high progression and mortality. This imposes the scientific researching efforts to hold intense interest directed to explore for the development and optimizing different interventions to COVID-19 infection. This commentary summarizes the potential clinical benefits for the recently authorized immunotherapy combination of tixagevimab and cilgavimab monoclonoal antibodies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
