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Öğe Advances in Numerical Analysis Emphasizing Interval Data(CRC Press, 2022) Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Esfandiari, A.Numerical analysis forms a cornerstone of numeric computing and optimization, in particular recently, interval numerical computations play an important role in these topics. The interest of researchers in computations involving uncertain data, namely interval data opens new avenues in coping with real-world problems and deliver innovative and efficient solutions. This book provides the basic theoretical foundations of numerical methods, discusses key technique classes, explains improvements and improvements, and provides insights into recent developments and challenges. The theoretical parts of numerical methods, including the concept of interval approximation theory, are introduced and explained in detail. In general, the key features of the book include an up-to-date and focused treatise on error analysis in calculations, in particular the comprehensive and systematic treatment of error propagation mechanisms, considerations on the quality of data involved in numerical calculations, and a thorough discussion of interval approximation theory. Moreover, this book focuses on approximation theory and its development from the perspective of linear algebra, and new and regular representations of numerical integration and their solutions are enhanced by error analysis as well. The book is unique in the sense that its content and organization will cater to several audiences, in particular graduate students, researchers, and practitioners. © 2022 Tofigh Allahviranloo, Witold Pedrycz and Armin Esfandiari.Öğe Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Fuzzy Environment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Shahriari, M.; Sharafi, H.; Razipour, GhalehJough, S.This chapter provides an overview of hierarchical decision structures, focusing on the AHP and ANP methods. It explains how these structures break down complex problems and organize criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives in a hierarchical manner. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is explored in detail, including its step-by-step implementation process and practical examples. The chapter then introduces the Analytic Network Process (ANP), which extends AHP to decision problems with interdependencies and feedback loops. The construction of networks, calculation of priority weights, and interpretation of results within the ANP framework are discussed. Finally, Fuzzy AHP is introduced as a method that addresses the limitations of AHP by incorporating fuzzy sets theory, supported by real-world case studies. Fuzzy AHP allows decision-makers to express preferences in a flexible and nuanced manner, capturing uncertainties and ambiguity present in real-world scenarios. Its advantage lies in handling vague and imprecise information systematically, enabling the effective incorporation of subjective assessments and expert opinions © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe An application of artificial neural networks for solving fractional higher-order linear integro-differential equations(Springer, 2023) Allahviranloo, T.; Jafarian, A.; Saneifard, R.; Ghalami, N.; Nia, S. Measoomy; Kiani, F.; Fernandez-Gamiz, U.This ongoing work is vehemently dedicated to the investigation of a class of ordinary linear Volterra type integro-differential equations with fractional order in numerical mode. By replacing the unknown function by an appropriate multilayered feed-forward type neural structure, the fractional problem of such initial value is changed into a course of non-linear minimization equations, to some extent. Put differently, interest was sparked in structuring an optimized iterative first-order algorithm to estimate solutions for the origin fractional problem. On top of that, some computer simulation models exemplify the preciseness and well-functioning of the indicated iterative technique. The outstanding accomplished numerical outcomes conveniently reflect the productivity and competency of artificial neural network methods compared to customary approaches.Öğe Applications of Preferential Voting in Industry and Society(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.Preferential voting models as well as hybrid Multi-Attribute Decision Making methods based on these models are widely used as decision support tools in industry and society. In this chapter, the applications that have been presented so far in the industry and society of these models and methods are briefly stated. It should be noted that the application of preferential voting models and hybrid MADM methods presented based on them are not exclusive to the presented cases and the authors hope that this application will be expanded in the future. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Basic Concepts of Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.The problem of “election” using the aggregation of voters’ votes is one of the most important problems of group decision-making for which several models have been presented so far. Consider a group of people who need to make a group decision based on voters’ votes. Given that people have different opinions and tastes, how can they make a decision that includes all individual opinions? From such a simple issue to the choice of politicians, all of them require a collective decision. In this chapter, this concept and methods of aggregating individual votes to reach a collective decision are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe A bi-objective carton box production planning problem with benefit and wastage objectives under belief degree-based uncertainty(Springernature, 2024) Niroomand, S.; Mahmoodirad, A.; Ghaffaripour, A.; Allahviranloo, T.; Amirteimoori, A.; Shahriari, M.In this paper, a production planning problem for paperboard is formulated considering criteria such as yield, cost, excess production, wastage of raw sheets, etc., considering two-objective functions, and is optimized considering supplier selection decisions and raw sheet dimensions. Compared to the studies in the literature, this problem takes into account, as a novelty, the yield of the produced boxes, the waste value of the raw sheets and the inventory cost of the additional boxes produced. Another contribution is that the problem is formulated from the viewpoint of belief degree-based uncertainty, which is suitable for formulating real-world problems. The uncertain problem is transformed into a crisp form using the expected value criterion for the uncertain objective functions and the random condition form of the constraints with uncertain parameters. The obtained crisp two-objective formulation is solved by some multi-objective solution methods known from the literature. As an application, a case study is used to make some comparisons and to show the implications of the problem for management.Öğe Calculating Environmental, Social and Economic Efficiencies of a Two-Stage Supply Chain in DEA-R Using Genetic Algorithm(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Mozaffari, M.R.; Gerami, J.In this chapter, first the inputs and outputs of the supply chain are divided based on sustainability factors. Then, the environmental, social and economic efficiency scores are calculated. In addition, in the evaluation of a supply chain, the multiplier form of DEA-R model in an output-orientation is utilized. Due to the time limit for accessing data and for avoiding pseudo inefficiencies, DEA-R models in the supply chain are proposed based on the determined sustainability factors. At the end, the supply chains of 20 fire stations in in the city of Shiraz, Iran, at the end of 2017 are evaluated using DEA-R models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe A Centralized Resource Allocation Approach for Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Mozaffari, M.R.; Gerami, J.In this chapter, two-stage network models based on non-radial SBM models in DEA and DEA-R are presented. These models are also presented based on central resource allocation models. Two-stage network performance evaluation models with the structure of central resource allocation, by solving a model, the targets corresponding to the DMUs in the first, second and overall stages are achieved. The two-stage network DEA-R models are in the form of a linear programming problem and obtains the efficiency and targets for each of the DMU in the first stages of the second and overall stages. Also, the central resource allocation (CRA) models achieve the targets corresponding to each of the DMUs. In this study, non-radial models are used based on the slacks of input and output components, and in this way, we recognize all inefficiency factors. In following, a case study is presented for the evaluation of education units in Iran. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe The Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) in Uncertainty Environment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Shahriari, M.; Sharafi, H.; Razipour, GhalehJough, S.In this chapter, the algorithm of COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) method with crisp data is explained and then it is applied to select among varied smart phones considering five different attributes. Afterward, Fuzzy COPRAS method is explained in detail. To choose the best investment, Fuzzy COPRAS method has been used, taking into account the conflicting criteria and according to a group of the experts’ opinion. Fuzzy COPRAS provides valuable tools for addressing multi-criteria decision-making challenges and fuzzy decision-making scenarios. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Correction to: Scale elasticity and technical efficiency measures in two-stage network production processes: an application to the insurance sector (Financial Innovation, (2024), 10, 1, (43), 10.1186/s40854-023-00578-z)(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Amirteimoori, A.; Allahviranloo, T.; Arabmaldar, A.Springer 1 56 0 2024 Southwestern University of Finance and Economics 2024 No Unnumbered 2024 2 2 0 0 Regular ArchiveJournal Unnumbered OpenChoice OpenAccess OpenAccess OpenAccess OpenAccess OpenAccess OpenAccess false BodyRef/PDF/40854_2024_Article_624.pdf Typeset OnlinePDF Regular Erratum Economics Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics Political Economy/Economic Systems Economics and Finance true Following publication of the original article (Amirteimoori et al. 2024), the authors reported a typesetting error in the affiliation of author Tofigh Allahviranloo. Due to a typesetting error, author Tofigh Allahviranloo was mistakenly assigned to affiliation 2: Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Goettingen, 37073, G?ttingen, Germany. The correct affiliation for author Tofigh Allahviranloo should be affiliation 1: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey. The original article (Amirteimoori et al. 2024) has been updated. © The Author(s) 2024.Öğe Cost and Revenue Efficiency Based on MOLP in DEA-R Models(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Mozaffari, M.R.; Gerami, J.In this chapter, cost and revenue efficiency models are presented in DEA and DEA-R, then using the multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) structure, cost and revenue efficiency models are proposed in DEA and DEA-R. Because in the MOLP structure, Pareto-optimal solutions are important, the score of cost efficiency and revenue with the MOLP structure can be useful for the decision maker (DM). Also, the overall efficiency model is also proposed by considering the prices of inputs and outputs based on the structure of MOLP. Finally, the 31 branches of the Commercial Bank of China, the efficiency of the cost of revenue are compared in DEA and DEA-R. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe The Criteria Importance Through Inter-Criteria Correlation (CRITIC) in Uncertainty Environment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Shahriari, M.; Sharafi, H.; Razipour, GhalehJough, S.The chapter begins by discussing the conventional CRITIC method and its algorithm, providing a foundation for understanding the subsequent introduction of the fuzzy variant. An example scenario is presented to demonstrate the evaluation and prioritization of projects based on seven specific criteria. The CRITIC method is applied, allowing decision-makers to assess the relative importance of each criterion and make informed decisions regarding project selection. Subsequently, the chapter introduces the fuzzy extension of the CRITIC method. The algorithm of the fuzzy CRITIC is explained in detail, highlighting the utilization of fuzzy data to represent uncertain and imprecise information in decision-making. To illustrate the application of the fuzzy CRITIC method, a case study is presented involving the search for an optimal location for a solar farm. Fuzzy trapezoidal data is utilized to capture the inherent uncertainty associated with various location factors. The combination of theoretical explanations, algorithmic discussions, and practical examples offers a comprehensive understanding of the fuzzy CRITIC method's potential for decision-making in complex and uncertain environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Data Envelopment Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Shafiee, M.; Saleh, H.Throughout history, considering the limitations, humanity has tried to make the most of the available facilities and resources. In this regard, performance evaluation is considered one of the managers' most vital issues. In fact, for a manager, knowing the performance of supervised units is the most critical task in making a decision and adopting a suitable strategy. The complexity of information, a lot of data, and the influence of various other factors make managers unable to learn about the performance of the units under their supervision without a scientific approach. One of the essential concepts in performance evaluation is calculating the efficiency of the units under the assessment. Therefore, more scientific methods are needed to calculate efficiency than in the past. One of the appropriate and efficient tools in the field of efficiency measurement is data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is used as a non-parametric method to calculate the efficiency of decision-making units. DEA models, in addition to determining the relative efficiency, the weak points of the organization in various indicators, also the resources affecting the inefficiency of organizations, are selected by DEA models, and finally, presenting an efficient projection defines the organization's policy toward improving efficiency and productivity. These reasons have caused this technique to grow increasingly from the theoretical and practical aspects and become one of the essential branches in the science of operations research. In recent years, many theoretical and practical developments have happened in DEA models, making it indispensable to know its various aspects for a more precise application of DEA models for the performance evaluation of a supply chain. Thus, in the rest of this chapter, we will explain the DEA definitions and models needed in the following chapters. Thus, in the rest of this chapter, we will explain the DEA definitions and models required for the following chapters. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Determining the Production Possibility Set for Ratio Data: A Novel Hybrid DEA-R Approach(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Mozaffari, M.R.; Gerami, J.In some organizations, performance evaluation is measured using ratios such as the ratio of outputs to inputs or vice versa (leverage ratio and quick ratio). While a handful of papers have been published on the DEA-R research stream, thus far the role of each input in terms of the production of each output has been neglected. Therefore, this chapter revisits the axiomatic structure that underlies DEA and Ratio Analysis (RA) models in terms of their resulting Production Possibility Set (PPS) and develops a novel hybrid DEA-RA approach capable of measuring the share of each index (i.e. input/output or output/input ratios) in the overall efficiency measure. As a consequence of this novel perspective on efficiency decomposition, weight restrictions for each specific input can be determined in accordance with its share in producing a given output. A case study on an auto spare-parts company is presented to illustrate the applicability of the new DEA-RA approach, while providing means for a robustness analysis with previous DEA-R models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Elimination Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE) in Uncertainty Environment(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Shahriari, M.; Sharafi, H.; Razipour, GhalehJough, S.This chapter explores the application of the ELECTRE method in both precise and fuzzy modes for decision-making. It discusses the concepts, strengths, and weaknesses of the method. The chapter covers the precise mode, addressing issues such as score assignment and rank reversal. It also introduces the fuzzy mode, incorporating fuzzy logic and sets for handling uncertainty. Practical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of ELECTRE in various domains. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to utilize ELECTRE for informed decision-making. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe An estimation of the solution of hybrid fuzzy differential equations(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Ahmady, E.; Allahviranloo, T.; Ahmady, N.; Mansouri, S. S.In this paper, a new solution for the hybrid fuzzy differential equation under generalized differentiability is proposed. This method is obtained by approximates the solution by (discontinuous) piece-wise polynomial approximations of degree 3. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the method are discussed in detail. To illustrate the approach, some examples are finally given.Öğe Examining Supply Chain Crises and Disruptions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Shafiee, M.; Saleh, H.Logistics plays an essential and decisive role in crisis management’s supply and support chain. Crisis logistics includes all the processes of estimation, supply, transportation, storage, and distribution of goods, equipment, and services for victims and relief teams; so, if crisis management logistics is a coherent and scientific system, we can hope for success in crisis management. Therefore, due to this issue’s importance, supply chain crises and disruptions have been investigated in this chapter. In the beginning, the definitions of supply chain disorders are given, and examples of supply chain crises are shown. The vulnerability of the supply chain and its aggravating factors against the disorder are discussed. After that, supply chain risks are identified (risk definitions and supply chain management, different forms of supply chain risks, Supply Chain Risk Management Processes), and in the last part, the concepts of supply chain reliability (supplier reliability, producer, distributor, and supply chain in general) are addressed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Existence of generalized Hukuhara differentiable solutions to a class of first-order fuzzy differential equations in dual form(Elsevier, 2024) Chehlabi, M.; Allahviranloo, T.This article deals with the problem of the existence of solution for a class of first-order fuzzy differential equations in dual form in the sense that the derivative of the unknown function appears on both sides of the equation. The problem is studied from the point of view of the generalized Hukuhara differentiability and sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique solution are provided, in details. Also, iterative sequences converging to the solutions are presented and applied to solve some numerical examples. Finally, a practical application of the results is brought.Öğe Finding Suitable Target in DEA and DEA-R(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Mozaffari, M.R.; Gerami, J.Organizations may have two strategies in DEA, D.E.A.-R. to find suitable targets for DMUs. In the first strategy, efficient, inefficient units are separated using the efficiency scale of classical models, then the target is determined for all inefficient units. In the second strategy, the DMUs are categorized based on the efficiency scale, then the target is found in each category. Therefore, the target DMUs do not need to be on the efficiency frontier. In this section, MOLP models are used to find suitable targets in DEA, D.E.A.-R. on the efficiency frontier. In conclusion, the target for 41 Chinese commercial banks in 2022 is obtained based on MOLP models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Foundations of Decision(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Allahviranloo, T.; Pedrycz, W.; Shahriari, M.; Sharafi, H.; Razipour, GhalehJough, S.Decisions unfold, guided by science’s light, in choices, science’s wisdom resides, for Guiding paths with less clarity. In this enlightening chapter on the Foundations of Decision Making, readers will embark on a journey through the intricate web of decision theory and decision science. Delving into the profound philosophy that underlies these concepts, we'll unravel the fundamental principles that guide human choices. With a systematic exploration of reputable domains and practical applications, readers will witness the transformative power of these principles in diverse contexts, from economics to psychology and beyond. We'll navigate through the Hierarchy of Decisions, dissecting the layers of choices from the mundane to the monumental, and in the process, gain invaluable insights into the art and science of decision-making. As we traverse this intellectual landscape, readers will acquire the skills to evaluate options with precision and make well-informed decisions based on robust reasoning. By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to comprehend and appreciate the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of decision-making. They will develop a solid understanding of key components such as decision theory, rationality, and cognitive biases. With this knowledge, readers will acquire the necessary analytical skills to effectively recognize the complexity of decision-making scenarios, evaluate alternative options, and make informed decisions based on sound reasoning and evidence. Moreover, readers will gain a broader perspective on the significance of decision-making across various aspects of life, including personal, professional, and societal contexts. This chapter will lay a strong groundwork for readers’ journey towards becoming more confident and adept decision-makers © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
