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Öğe Energy efficient medium access control protocol for data collection in wireless sensor network: a q-learning approach(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Sah, Dinesh Kumar; Amgoth, Tarachand; Cengiz, KorhanIn emerging business markets, the data is becoming new gold for the industries. There are several places such as marketing, manufacturing, and analysis of future trends becoming data-intensive to achieve growth. The tiny sensor placements in the field, cities, industry, buildings and sea are helping to collect data and process it either for information retrieval or decision making. The periodic scheduling of radio transceivers assists in accomplishing efficient energy utilization in sensors often uses Time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocols for node scheduling. Our objective is to reduce the amount of time; the receiver node is in the wake-up state. Besides, the slot which potentially not being used for an extended period can utilize by other nodes. The efficient utilization of slots can help to achieve low power duty cycles with low latency. To accomplish that, we propose the emulation of the classroom learning environment with the Q-learning grading for node scheduling. We proposed an analytical mapping of WSNs to classroom learning. The initial benchmark of the performance has compared to the IEEE.802.11 (TDMA-scheduling). Further, the TDMA driven protocols such as Z-MAC, learning-driven protocols (E-MAC or aloha-Q), i-Queue are compared to evaluate the parameters such as energy consumption, throughput, and latency.Öğe TDMA policy to optimize resource utilization in Wireless Sensor Networks using reinforcement learning for ambient environment(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Sah, Dinesh Kumar; Amgoth, Tarachand; Cengiz, Korhan; Alshehri, Yasser; Alnazzawi, NohaData packet reaches from the end node to sink in a multihop fashion in the internet of things (IoTs) and sensor networks. Usually, a head node (among neighboring or special purpose nodes) can collect data packets from the nodes and forward them further to sink or other head nodes. In Time-division multiple access (TDMA) driven scheduling, nodes often own slots in a time frame and are scheduled for data forwarding in the allotted time slot (owner node) in each time frame. A time frame in which the owner node does not have data to forward goes into sleep mode. Though the supposed owner node is in sleep mode, the corresponding head node is active throughout the time frame. This active period of a head node can cause an increase in energy consumption. Besides, because the head node in an active state does not receive a data packet, it is causing significantly to the throughput, ultimately leading to low channel utilization. We propose the Markov design policy (MDP) for such head nodes to reduce the number of time slots wasted in the time frame in our work. The proposal is the first such kind of MDP-based modeling for node scheduling in TDMA. The simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms existing adaptive scheduling algorithms for channel utilization, end-to-end delay, system utilization, and balance factor.