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    A Comparative Analysis of Cuk, SEPIC, and Zeta Converters as Maximum Power Point Trackers
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Hadji, Slimane; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Kayışlı, Korhan; Çolak, ilhami; Aissou, Said; Lylia Larbi
    Currently, one of the main challenges of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is to optimize their energy efficiency. Solar panels and dc-dc converters controlled by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are the two main components of a PV system.To optimize the production of the PV installation, the converter holds pivotal significance. Given its direct impact on the overall performance of the PV system, selecting the appropriate DC-DC converter becomes imperative.This study meticulously compares a variety of non-isolated power converters, encompassing Zeta, SEPIC and Cuk configurations.The input capacitors have been perfectly integrated in all converters, to filter voltage ripple and current ripple. The control of these converters was achieved through the implementation of an incremental conductance algorithm (InCon), improving efficiency and precision. In addition, a meticulously selected irradiation profile was used, to thoroughly test the effectiveness of the system.Our research findings underscore the SEPIC converter's consistent outperformance, showcasing an unparalleled tracking efficiency of 99.01% compared to its counterparts. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Energy Management of DC Microgrid-based Photovoltaic/Battery and Super Capacitor
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Berboucha, Ali; Aissou, Said; Çolak, İlhami; Djermouni, Kamel; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Amirouche, Elyazid; Kayisli, Korhan
    The large use of microgrids, particularly direct current microgrids, is a global trend driven by the increasing integration of renewable energy sources with energy storage systems. DC microgrids offer the distinct advantage of eliminating harmonics and synchronization challenges, making them a focal point for research and engineering attentions. Considering the intermittent nature of primary renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind energy, the integration of energy storage systems is necessary to improve the reliability, stability, and overall performance of microgrids. This paper proposes an isolated DC microgrid including a photovoltaic array, a hybrid storage system based on a supercapacitor and battery bank, power electronic converters and a variable load. An energy management system to optimize operation of an islanded DC microgrid is presented. The EMS effectively regulates the DC bus voltage and balances power flow within system. To support the EMS, the test condition considers Maximum Power Point Tracking for the photovoltaic array, state of charge management for the battery and supercapacitor banks and converter control strategies to maintain DC bus voltage stability. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Energy management strategy for nano-grid in isolated areas
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Amirouche, Elyazid; Benyahia, Nabil; Aissou, Said; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Çolak, İlhami; Berboucha, Ali
    This paper explores a microgrid comprising two renewable energy sources and a battery storage system. Specifically, a photovoltaic (PV) source employing the maximum power point tracking (P&O and FLC) technique is predominantly utilized, with potential support from fuel cells (FC). Our contribution in this work lies in an efficient management approach aimed at reducing reliance on batteries. This translates to cost reduction and overall system lifespan extension, facilitated by the integration of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. System simulation was conducted using SimPowerSystems Simulink library in the MATLAB environment. A critical analysis of the overall system behavior was conducted, accompanied by the presentation of simulated results. © 2024 IEEE.
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    High Gain Voltage SEPIC Converter for PV System
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Hadji, Slimane; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Larbi, Lylia; Çolak, İlhami; Kayışlı, Korhan; Aissou, Said
    The main objective of this paper is to propose a modified structure for a SEPIC-type DC-DC converter and to compare it to the simple structure. An incremental conductance (INC) MPPT controller is chosen and applied to both converters in order to extract the maximum available power. The modified converter structure is obtained by adding an inductor and a capacitor to the conventional converter. With this new structure, we go from a step-up/down converter to only a step-up converter. Simulation results, with Matlab/Simulink, illustrate better performances with the modified structure compared to the classical SEPIC structure, less output power oscillation and high voltage gain are guaranteed. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Improving the performance of a non-uniform field system under AC voltage
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Belhoul, Talit; Serir, Chafiaa; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Çolak, İlhami; Mokrani, Zahra
    The idea presented in this article involves the simulation of the distribution of field lines in a rod-plane system with a glass tubular barrier, using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This simulation aims to better understand and predict the behavior of the electric field in a system where the electrode geometry creates a non-uniform field.To validate the simulation results, an experimental study was conducted in the High Voltage laboratory. The objective of this paper is to study the behvior of the rod - plane system under very severe pollution conditions and with an alternating voltage of 50 Hz. Experimental testing compares simulation data with real results, thus ensuring the reliability of the conclusions drawn.An experimental device was designed to allow the simultaneous variation of the inter-electrode distance. This device is composed of two supports nested within each other. This innovative design enables easy adjustment of the distance between the electrodes without needing to rebuild the entire system for each modification.Tests of the breakdown voltage of the studied air interval, especially in the presence of heavily polluted barriers, were conducted to evaluate the performance and robustness of the device. A visualization of the electrical discharge path was made, to clearly identify the critical areas where these discharges occur.The results demonstrated a perfect equivalence between experimental observations and numerical simulations. This strong correlation validates the methodological approach used and confirms the reliability of the results obtained through simulation.Furthermore, it was found that using considerably long tubular barriers significantly improves the system's performance. These tubular barriers contribute to a better electrical field distribution, thereby minimizes the birth of pre-discharges and enhancing the overall stability of the system. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Managing the Energy flow of a Self-Sustaining Multisource System through intelligent Management Techniques utilizing Artificial Intelligence
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Serir, Chafiaa; Rekioua, Djamila; Bensmail, Samia; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Çolak, İlhami; Belhoul, Talit; Mokrani, Zahra
    This paper proposes an efficient strategy for energy control in the isolated micro grid, comprising photovoltaic and wind power systems with battery storage systems. This strategy presents smart energy management (SEM) based on artificial intelligence techniques (AIT) such as the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The SEM is designed to manage energy flows throughout the isolated micro grid, by extracting the maximum available energy during deviating constraints such as temperature, solar irradiance and wind speed, while maintaining energy quality and autonomy to meet charging requirements and ensure precise control of the battery's state of charge (SOC) over five states (Very High: SOCV.H, High: SOCH, Medium: SOCM, Low SOCL and Very Low SOCV.L) during charge and discharge. This is a significant improvement over traditional management systems that rely on two SOC states, namely SOCmin and SOCmax. Response behaviors are described and visualized in MATLAB Simulink. © 2024 IEEE.
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    Nature-Inspired Algorithm Based Trajectory Planning for Inspection Flying Robot in Smart Grids
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Tenniche, Nesrine; Boubekeur, Mendil; Hocine, Lehouche; Belkaid, Abdelhakim; Çolak, İlhami; Tighzert, Lyes
    Developing new trends and technologies for power line inspection is critical for smart grid reliability. Due to the drawbacks of traditional power line methods, such as time consumption, high costs, and risks to worker's safety, innovative technologies like flying robots need to be incorporated. Trajectory planning is crucial for optimizing path and conserving energy during flight, addressing challenges like collision avoidance, real-time planning, dynamic environments, and high-dimensional state spaces, for reliable motion of flying robots in inspection tasks. This study introduces a new trajectory planner for a flying robot, called quadrotor, designed for inspecting power lines within a smart grid infrastructure. The proposed approach utilizes the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) to find the most efficient trajectory within the 3D environment surrounding the power lines. The WCA algorithm emulates the water cycle's dynamic processes, considering path length as an objective function while incorporating constraints such as collision avoidance, velocity limits, non-holonomic constraints, and execution time. The WCA's performance was evaluated against the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), demonstrating superior path length minimization and enhancing efficiency for power line inspection in smart grids. © 2024 IEEE.