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    Bioactive diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) in Turkish coffees: Impact of roasting
    (UNIV PUTRA MALAYSIA PRESS, 2022) Eren, F. H.; Besler, Halit Tanju
    While the cholesterol-raising effect of coffee has been ascribed to the presence of diterpenes, they have also been shown to present favourable health effects. Boiled-type coffees show slightly higher levels of diterpenes than those made with other brewing methods. However, there is considerable controversy regarding the effect of roasting on the contents of the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to measure the contents of these diterpenes in Turkish coffees, and to determine how they are influenced by roasting. The samples used were 16 roasted and ready-ground Turkish coffees sold in supermarkets in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The cafestol and kahweol contents of the coffee samples were analysed using liquid-liquid extraction followed by HPLC-DAD. The lipid contents of commercially roasted and ground Turkish coffee samples varied in the range of 14.32 +/- 0.09 to 15.60 +/- 0.09 g/100 g. The lipid contents of brewed Turkish coffee samples varied from 318 +/- 2.00 to 571 +/- 4.30 mg/100 mL. When compared within each commercial brand, dark roasted ground Turkish coffee samples had higher lipid contents. The average diterpene content in one cup of Turkish coffee sample was between 2.69 +/- 0.28 and 13.58 +/- 0.88 mg. The ranges of cafestol and kahweol contents in a cup were 1.4 +/- 0.21 - 6.9 +/- 0.65 mg and 1.28 +/- 0.07 - 6.68 +/- 0.28 mg, respectively. Within products of the same brand, the highest amount of oil was observed in dark roasted Turkish coffee beverages. and no signif icant differences were found in total diterpene, cafestol, and kahweol contents in coffee beverages among the different roasting levels. It is recommended that future studies perform more detailed investigations of the effect of roasting on the diterpene contents in Turkish coffees, and the impact of preparation parameters, as well as the presence of diterpene-derived compounds. (C) All Rights Reserved
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    Efficacy of krill oil versus fish oil on obesity-related parameters and lipid gene expression in rats: randomized controlled study
    (PeerJ, 2021) Çil, Mevra Aydın; Ghareaghaji, Atena Ghosi; Bayır, Yasin; Büyüktuncer, Zehra; Besler, Halit Tanju
    Backround. This study aimed to determine the effects of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation on the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and to compare the efficiency of different LC n-3PUFAsources via biochemical and genetic mechanisms in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats were randomized into four study groups, and fed with a standard diet, High Fat Diet (HFD), HFD+%2.5 Fish Oil (FO-HFD) or HFD+%2.5 Krill Oil (KO-HFD) for eight weeks. Food consumption, weight gain, serum glucose, insulin, ghrelin and leptin concentrations, lipid profile, liver fatty acid composition, and FADS1 and FADS2 mRNA gene expression levels were measured. Results. Weight gain in each HFD group was significantly higher than control group (p<0:001), without any differences among them (p<0:05). LC n-3 PUFAs modified lipid profile, but not glucose tolerance. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in HFD groups than in the control group, however, no difference in serum ghrelin levels was observed among the groups. Liver n-3 fatty acid desaturation activity was higher (p D 0:74), and liver total lipid content was lower (p D 0:86) in KO-HFD compared to FO-HFD. FADS1 gene expression was highest in the HFD group (p<0:001) while FADS2 gene expression was highest in the FO-HFD group (p<0:001). Conclusion. LC n-3 PUFAs, especially krill oil, had moderate effects on lipid profile, but limited effects on obesity related parameters, suggesting different effects of different sources on gene expression levels. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of different LC n-3PUFAsources in the prevention and treatment of obesity in humans.
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    Is obesity associated with lower mini mental test scores among elderly? a cross sectional study
    (Taylor & Francis Online, 2021) İnce, Nezire; Öztürk, Müjgan; Meseri, Reci; Besler, Halit Tanju
    Objectives: Obesity leads to many chronic diseases and its association with cognitive impairment is controversial. The objective was to investigate the association between obesity, anthropometric measurements and cognitive functions of elderly. Methods: Planned cross-sectionally, community-dwelling Cypriots (aged ? 50years) without any neurological disorders, were included. Cognitive impairment evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was the dependent variable. Socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measurements and obesity were the independent variables. The data was collected via face-to-face interview. Logistic regression models were constituted to determine the association of anthropometric measurements, obesity and dementia. Results: The mean age of participants (n=541) was 60.0±8.7 for women (n=377) and 61.5±6.0years for men (n=164). According to MMSE, 26.0% of women and 11.0% of men had mild-dementia, and the rest scored normal. After adjusted for age and sex, each unit increase in BMI (OR: 1.045, 95%CI: 1.008–1.091), Waist to height ratio (WHtR; OR: 1.030, 95%CI: 1.006–1.055) and Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC; OR: 1.077, 95%CI: 1.016–1.141) increases the risk of mild-dementia. When education, employment and smoking were included in the models, significance of anthropometric measurements was diminished and only sex and education were remained significant for all. Conclusion: After controlled for age and sex, increment in anthropometric measurements increased the risk of dementia but when education was taken into consideration, this significant association was diminished showing that sex and education is more predominant in a heterogeneous group in means of education. Thus, for heterogeneous groups it might be better to revise MMSE. To determine the association between obesity and dementia cohort studies with longer follow-up duration with larger samples are needed.
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    Kadınlarda kalsiyum ve kalsiyum emilimine yardımcı olan diğer besin öğeleri tüketiminin değerlendirilmesi
    (DergiPark, 2021) Simzari, Wida; Besler, Halit Tanju; Saeidlou, Sakineh Nouri; Bektas, Yener
    Nutritional status reflects the level of satisfaction of a person’s physiological needs for nutrients. Adequate consumption of calcium, which is one of the nutrients, is important for individuals of all age groups. However, it is more important for women to take this nutrient at a sufficient level due to their physiological structure. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 400 women aged 18-30 years in Ardabil district, Iran. Data were collected using socio-economic and food habits questionnaires. “24-hour recall” was used to determine the food intake status. The daily energy and nutrients consumed were evaluated according to the dietary recommended intake (DRI). The obtained data were evaluated using the SPSS 16.0 statistical computer program. Results showed that the energy and protein intake in urban areas was higher than in rural areas, and these differences were significant respectively (p<0.001, p<0.05). The mean protein intake in urban and rural areas was above the DRI value (46 g/d). Energy, magnesium, zinc and calcium intakes were determined below the DRI value. The difference between women living in urban and rural areas in terms of calcium intake is significant (p<0.001). The difference between the average calcium intake of high school graduate women living in urban and rural areas is significant (p<0.001). This study showed that the amount of calcium intake of women living in urban and rural areas was lower than the recommendations. In addition, calcium intake in rural areas was less than in urban areas, and this difference was significant
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    A systematic review of iodine intake in children, adults, and pregnant women in Europe-comparison against dietary recommendations and evaluation of dietary iodine sources
    (Oxford Academic, 2022) Bath, Sarah C.; Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke; Sabatier, Magalie; Ter Borg, Sovianne; Eilander, Ans; Hora, Katja; Aksoy, Burcu; Hristozova, Nevena; Van Lieshout, Lilou; Besler, Halit Tanju; Lazarus, John H.
    Context: Adequate iodine intake is essential throughout life. Key dietary sources are iodized salt and animal products, but dietary patterns in Europe are changing, for example toward lower salt intake and a more plant-based diet. Objective: To review iodine intake (not status) in European populations (adults, children, and pregnant women) to identify at-risk groups and dietary sources. Data sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, as well as European national nutrition surveys were searched for data on had iodine intake (from dietary assessment) and sources of iodine, collected after 2006. Data selection: In total, 57 studies were included, comprising 22 national surveys and 35 sub-national studies. Iodine intake data were available from national surveys of children aged <10 years (n = 11), 11-17 years (n = 12), and adults (n = 15), but data from pregnancy were only available from sub-national studies. Results: Iodine intake data are lacking-only 17 of 45 (38%) European countries had iodine-intake data from national surveys. Iodine intake reported from national surveys was below recommendations for: (1) children aged <10 years in 2 surveys (18%), (2) boys and girls aged 11-17 years in 6 (50%) and 8 (68%) surveys, respectively, and (3) adult men and women in 7 (47%) and 12 (80%) surveys, respectively. In pregnant women, intake was below recommendations except where women were taking iodine-containing supplements. Just 32% of national surveys (n = 7) included iodized salt when estimating iodine intake. Milk, dairy products, fish, and eggs were important contributors to intake in many countries, suggesting limited sources in plant-based diets. Conclusion: Results are limited by the challenges of dietary assessment for measuring iodine intake. Future national surveys should include iodine intake. Policy makers should consider dietary sources alongside any iodized salt policies when considering methods for improving population iodine intake.