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    Controlling the energies of the single-rotor large wind turbine system using a new controller
    (Nature Research, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Bizon, Nicu; Çolak, İlhami; Elbarbary Z.M.S.; Al Gahtani, Saad F.
    In wind energy generation systems, ensuring high energy quality is critical but is often compromised due to the limited performance and durability of conventional regulators. To address this, this work presents a novel controller for managing the machine-side inverter of a single-rotor large wind turbine system using an induction machine-type generator. The proposed controller is designed using proportional, integral, and derivative error-based mechanisms, which fundamentally differ from traditional proportional-integral (PI) regulators. Key features of the proposed regulator include its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, reduced number of gains, and rapid dynamic response. This regulator enhances the direct power control (DPC) approach, as it integrates two tailored controllers alongside a pulse width modulation strategy to manage the machine inverter. The DPC strategy incorporating the proposed controller was implemented and tested using MATLAB, with various simulations to evaluate its performance and effectiveness. The proposed regulator demonstrated a significant improvement over the PI regulator, with reductions in active power ripples of 69%, 61.70%, and 59.14% across different tests. Additionally, the steady-state error of reactive power was reduced by 54.84%, 85.23%, and 62.68%, and the total harmonic distortion of current decreased by 48.12%, 50.55%, and 56.05%. These results underscore the high efficiency, robustness, and effectiveness of the proposed controller in improving system performance compared to conventional PI regulators. The controller’s outstanding performance makes it a promising solution for broader industrial applications. © The Author(s) 2025.
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    Enhancing the power quality of dual rotor wind turbines using improved fuzzy space vector modulation and super twisting sliding techniques
    (Nature research, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Bizon, Nicu; Yessef, Mourad; Elbarbary, Z. M. S.; Çolak, İlhami; Alammer, Mohammed M.; Bossoufi, Badre
    In the field of control, many approaches have been used to control generators, where indirect vector control (IVC) is considered one of the most prominent of these approaches due to its many advantages. This approach has a fast response time (RT) and is quite easy to realize. However, its reliance on traditional controllers makes this approach less efficient and less effective if the system parameters change. Consequently, this work proposes a new IVC approach for doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) used in contra-rotating wind turbine (CRWT) systems. The designed IVC employs a super-twisting control to eliminate the instantaneous errors of the DFIG power using the direct calculation of the control voltage required by the rotor, which will lead to the improvement of the transient performance. In addition, a constant switching frequency is obtained using the multilevel fuzzy modified space vector modulation proposed for controlling the DFIG inverter, facilitating the design of harmonic AC filters. To evaluate the proposed solution, a digital simulation of the CRWT system was verified using MATLAB with the power of the used generator being 1.5 MW. For more accuracy, two tests were used to study the efficiency of the suggested control compared to the efficiency of the IVC in terms of getting better system features. The obtained results showed the efficacy of the designed control compared to the IVC and some of the different existing techniques in terms of enhancing system features. The suggested approach minimized torque fluctuations, active power, and current in the first test compared to the IVC approach by ratios estimated at 93%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. Also, the RT for reactive power, active power, and torque was reduced by 99.05%, 98.60%, and 98.60%, respectively, compared to the conventional IVC approach. In both tests, the designed approach minimized the harmonic distortion of the stream by ratios estimated at 18.02% and 16.22% compared to the conventional IVC approach. These obtained results were verified using empirical work, where hardware-in-the-loop simulation was used for this purpose. Accordingly, the empirical results demonstrated the validity, durability, and competence of the designed approach compared to the base IVC approach. Both the simulative and empirical results validate that the designed approach is of great importance in the field of control and renewable powers, as it can be relied upon to enhance the features of the systems. Therefore, the designed control has a promising future.
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    Experimental analysis of genetic algorithm-enhanced PI controller for power optimization in multi-rotor variable-speed wind turbine systems
    (Nature Research, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Bizon, Nicu; Yessef, Mourad; Elbarbary, Z.M.S.; Çolak, İlhami; Bossoufi, Badre; Al Ayidh, Abdulrahmane
    The direct power control (DPC) algorithm is one of the most popular linear techniques used to implement notable controllers, known for their simplicity and fast dynamic response. However, this approach has drawbacks that cause a decrease in the current quality and disturbances in the network. Therefore, this experimental work presents a simple and efficient solution that uses a proportional-integral regulator based on a genetic algorithm to regulate the power quality. The designed approach uses a pulse width modulation to produce control pulses for the operation of the rotor inverter of a doubly-fed induction generator-based multi-rotor wind system. This approach is first verified in MATLAB using a 1500 kW generator operating under different working conditions. Furthermore, the processor-in-the-loop (PIL) test using dSPACE 1104 is used to verify the efficacy and ability of the designed approach in enhancing the effectiveness of the power system under study. The results obtained in all tests demonstrate that compared to DPC, the designed approach reduces active power ripples with estimated percentages of 71.42%, 66.67%, and 70%, and the reactive power overshoot value is reduced with estimated percentages of 92.85%, 56.48%, and 79.21%. In addition, the experimental results (using the PIL test) confirm the ability of the designed control algorithm to enhance the energy and current quality, which makes this designed technique a suitable solution in the field of control. © The Author(s) 2024.
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    Feedback action and genetic algorithm-based proportional-integral controller to improve the performance of the direct power control of a variable-speed contra-rotating wind turbine generation system
    (Elsevier ltd, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Çolak, İlhami; Yessef, Mourad; Elbarbary, Z.M.S.; Bizon, Nicu
    An enhanced control scheme of a double-powered asynchronous generator (DPAG) integrated into a variablespeed contra-rotating wind turbine (VSCRWT) generation system is displayed in this paper. The original idea treated here is to develop a robust direct power control (DPC) using a new kind of proportional-integral (PI) regulator based on feedback command theory and genetic algorithm (GA) for the DPAG-VSCRWT system. The suggested feedback PI (FPI) controller based on the GA technique is designed to improve the performance and robustness of the DPC of the DPAG-VSCRWT system, especially the problem of low robustness. The DPC-FPI-GA strategy was applied to the machine inverter only, where the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy was used to convert the reference voltage values generated by the FPI-GA controllers. Therefore, this strategy differs from the traditional DPC strategy in terms of principle, performance, durability, and effectiveness in improving the quality of current and energy. The DPC-FPI-GA approach with the PWM technique is applied to the VSCRWT system using a 1500 kW DPAG during various tests in MATLAB software. The characteristics of the presented DPC-FPIGA approach with the PWM technique are verified by numerical simulations. The performances of the DPC-FPIGA approach with the PWM technique are verified using performance indicators (such as the ripple ratio for torque, power, and current, as well as the harmonic distortion value of the current) and detailed discussions are given at the end of the paper. It was found that the proposed DPC-FPI-GA with PWM technique contributed significantly to the improvement of power quality produced by the DPAG-VSCRWT system even in the presence of internal and/or external disturbances. In addition, the designed DPC approach based on the PWM and FPI-GA techniques provides minimum harmonic distortion of current, reduces the ripples of the torque and energy, and enhances the time response of the DPAG-VSCRWT system.
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    Power regulation of variable speed multi rotor wind systems using fuzzy cascaded control
    (Nature research, 2024) Benbouhenni, Habib; Çolak, İlhami; Bizon, Nicu; Mosaad, Mohamed I.; Tella, Teshome Goa
    Power quality is a crucial determinant for integrating wind energy into the electrical grid. This integration necessitates compliance with certain standards and levels. This study presents cascadedfuzzy power control (CFPC) for a variable-speed multi-rotor wind turbine (MRWT) system. Fuzzy logic is a type of smart control system already recognized for its robustness, making it highly suited and reliable for generating electrical energy from the wind. Therefore, the CFPC technique is proposed in this work to control the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based MRWT system. This proposed strategy is applied to the rotor side converter of a DFIG to improve the current/power quality. The proposed control has the advantage of being model-independent, as it relies on empirical knowledge rather than the specific characteristics of the DFIG or turbine. Moreover, the proposed control system is characterized by its simplicity, high performance, robustness, and ease of application. The implementation of CFPC management for 1.5 MW DFIG-MRWT was carried out in MATLAB environment considering a variable wind speed. The obtained results were compared with the direct power control (DPC) technique based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers (DPC-PI), highlighting that the CFPC technique reduced total harmonic distortion by high ratios in the three tests performed (25%, 30.18%, and 47.22%). The proposed CFPC technique reduced the response time of reactive power in all tests by ratios estimated at 83.76%, 65.02%, and 91.42% compared to the DPC-PI strategy. Also, the active power ripples were reduced by satisfactory proportions (37.50%, 32.20%, and 38.46%) compared to the DPC-PI strategy. The steady-state error value of reactive power in the tests was low when using the CFPC technique by 86.60%, 57.33%, and 72.26%, which indicates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed CFPC technique in improving the characteristics of the system. Thus this control can be relied upon in the future.