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    An accurate and sensitive determination of selected pesticides in mixed fruit juice samples using the combination of a simple and efficient microextraction method and GC-MS with a matrix matching calibration strategy
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2024) Bodur, Sueleyman; Tutar, Bahar Karademir; Tutar, Omer Faruk; Bakirdere, Sezgin
    Pesticides have been used on several fruits, vegetables and cereals to control harmful organisms in order to increase the quality of products; however, these substances cause serious health effects. Therefore, an accurate and sensitive analytical method should be developed for the determination of pesticides to evaluate their toxicity. In this study, an efficient microextraction strategy was applied to preconcentrate eight different selected pesticides from mixed fruit juice samples prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. All significant parameters such as spraying number, extraction solvent type, sample volume and mixing type/period belonging to the developed extraction method were elaborately optimized to get low detection limits. After the optimization studies, system analytical performance studies were carried out and limit of detection (LOD) values varied from 0.04 mu g /kg-1 to 1.99 mu g kg-1 (mass based) for the selected analytes. Under the optimum experimental conditions, spiking recovery experiments were performed in the mixed fruit juice samples to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method. The recovery results were recorded in the range of 81.4-123.5% with acceptable standard deviations by applying a matrix matching calibration strategy. The proposed analytical method can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of selected pesticides in the mixed fruit juice samples and can also be applied to other fruit juice samples using a matrix matching calibration strategy. A simple and efficient microextraction method was proposed to preconcentrate eight different pesticides from mixed fruit juice samples prior to GC-MS measurement.
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    Biogenic synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their applications
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2023) Chormey, Dotse Selali; Zaman, Buse Tugba; Borahan Kustanto, Tuelay; Erarpat Bodur, Sezin; Bodur, Sueleyman; Tekin, Zeynep; Nejati, Omid
    Despite the many benefits derived from the unique features and practicality of nanoparticles, the release of their toxic by-products or products from the synthesis stage into the environment could negatively impact natural resources and organisms. The physical and chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis involve high energy consumption and the use of hazardous chemicals, respectively, going against the principles of green chemistry. Biological methods of synthesis that rely on extracts from a broad range of natural plants, and microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, algae, and yeast, have emerged as viable alternatives to the physical and chemical methods. Nanoparticles synthesized through biogenic pathways are particularly useful for biological applications that have high concerns about contamination. Herein, we review the physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle synthesis and present a detailed overview of the biogenic methods used for the synthesis of different nanoparticles. The major points discussed in this study are the following: (1) the fundamentals of the physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle syntheses, (2) the use of different biological precursors (microorganisms and plant extracts) to synthesize gold, silver, selenium, iron, and other metal nanoparticles, and (3) the applications of biogenic nanoparticles in diverse fields of study, including the environment, health, material science, and analytical chemistry. Synthesis of nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes using biological precursors and their applications.
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    A powerful combination of liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and quadruple isotope dilution strategy for the determination of fenuron at trace levels in river water, stream water and fruit juice samples
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Bodur, Sueleyman; Erarpat, Sezin; Gunkara, Omer Tahir; Bakirdere, Sezgin
    An accurate, sensitive, and rapid analysis methodology for the determination of fenuron at ultratrace levels in river water, stream water and fruit juice samples was developed based on quadruple isotope dilution (ID4) and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. Fenuron-d6 as isotopically labelled material (ILM) was synthesized in our laboratory to apply the ID4 method. Optimization studies were performed to find experimental conditions for the separation and detection of fenuron at trace levels. Analytical performance parameters such as limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and linear range were determined by external calibration strategy. LOD and LOQ values for the analyte were found at ppt levels and a wide linear range was obtained in the range of 0.11 - 492.4 & mu;g/kg. Recovery studies were also carried out for water and fruit juice samples to test applicability and accuracy of the developed LC-MS/MS system. ID4 strategy was applied to the selected samples to increase accuracy of the developed method and tolerate high matrix effects for fruit juice samples. According to high percent recoveries and low relative standard deviation values, the developed LC-ID4-MS/MS system was proven as an accurate, precise and sensitive analytical method for the quantification of fenuron at trace levels.
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    Spray assisted preconcentration method combined with HPLC-Continuous flow hydride generation-FAAS for inorganic arsenic speciation in olive oil samples
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Bodur, Sueleyman; Erarpat, Sezin; Tutar, Omer Faruk; Bakirdere, Sezgin
    Speciation analysis of arsenic in edible oils is an important topic in terms of the assessment of its risks for human health and the quality of edible oils. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography - continuous flow hydride generation - flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HPLC-CFHG-FAAS) system after vortex assisted reverse phase spray-based fine droplet formation liquid phase microextraction (VA-RP-SFDF-LPME) method was proposed to qualify/quantify arsenite and total arsenic. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for arsenite were calculated as 2.86 & mu;g kg-1 (as As) and 9.52 & mu;g kg-1 (as As), respectively. After the extraction/preconcentration process, a prereduction was carried out in the presence of 0.010 mol/L HCl (con-taining 0.39% L-cysteine) with heat (90 & PLUSMN; 5 oC) for the determination of total arsenic content while arsenite was directly determined via the developed system. Recovery for arsenite and total inorganic arsenic were in the range of 91.5 - 120.4% and 90.0 - 104.4%, respectively. The developed method is proposed for the analysis of olive oil samples containing inorganic arsenic species. This is the first study to carry out the inorganic arsenic speciation in olive oil by HPLC-CFHG-FAAS system after the preconcentration of the species by the VA-RP-SFDF-LPME system. For the matrix including arsenite and arsenate, the developed method can be safely used to find the concentration of both species accurately.