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Öğe Conjunctive and disjunctive combination rules in random permutation set theory: A layer-2 belief structure perspective(Elsevier, 2024) Zhou, Qianli; Cui, Ye; Pedrycz, Witold; Deng, YongIn uncertainty reasoning, conjunctive and disjunctive combination rules are the core tools for information updates. As an extension of evidential reasoning, random permutation set reasoning models uncertain information based on ordered focal sets. Existing combination rules in random permutation set theory, orthogonal sums, do not satisfy the commutativity of one of the original distributions and overly obey its order information. In this paper, the random permutation set theory is interpreted as an refined extension of Dempster-Shafer theory, and a layer-2 belief structure is proposed to describe the permutation event space. Compared with the traditional belief structure, the proposed structure can model both symbolic and numerical uncertainty. Based on the above, the conjunctive and disjunctive combination rules in Dempster-Shafer theory are extended to random permutation set theory. Through properties analysis and simulation demonstration, we demonstrate that the proposed methods can not only resolve the counter-intuitive results of orthogonal sums, but make full use of order information in distributions as well. In addition, we also extend the product space operations and discounting methods based on the proposed methods, and give a general framework of multi-source information fusion under the random permutation set theory.Öğe Information fusion in order-2 fuzzy environments: a matrix transformation perspective(Elsevier b.v., 2025) Zhu, Li; Zhou, Qianli; Deng, Yong; Pedrycz, WitoldOrder-2 information granules, as a representation of multi-layer structured information, have recently rekindled discussions. It is usually generated by abstracting order-1 information granules. When the dependence relationship and corresponding membership function of the order-1 information granules (reference information granules) are known, Pedrycz et al. used a method based on gradient optimization to complete the aggregation of the order-2 information granules. In this paper, we discuss a more specific scenario: not only the dependencies between reference information granules are captured, but also the order-1 information granules can be expressed as specific fuzzy information distributions. For this, we propose a fusion scheme of order-2 fuzzy sets based on matrix transformation called CQRP. To our knowledge, it is the first method that completely integrates the structural information of the order-2 environment into the fusion of order-2 fuzzy sets. In the process, we also creatively proposed the attraction and exclusion of structural information, deepening the understanding of structural information. Through sufficient comparison and analysis, we prove that it makes fuller use of information in the order-2 environment and is more reasonable and effective in tasks such as classification and identification.Öğe Information Granule Based Uncertainty Measure of Fuzzy Evidential Distribution(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2023) Zhou, Qianli; Pedrycz, Witold; Liang, Yingying; Deng, YongQuantifying the uncertainty of information distributions containing randomness, imprecision, and fuzziness is the premise of processing them. A useful information representation in the field of intelligent computing are information granules, which optimize data from the perspective of specificity and coverage. We introduce information granularity into evidential information and model the basic probability assignment (BPA) as a weighted information granules model. Based on the proposed model, a new uncertainty measure of BPA is derived from the quality evaluation of granules. In addition, the proposed measure is extended to fuzzy evidential information distributions. When the Fuzzy BPA (FBPA) degenerates into the Probability Mass Function (ProbMF) and Possibility Mass Function (PossMF), the proposed method degenerates to Gini entropy and Yager's specificity measure, respectively. We use a refined belief structure to interpret the meaning of FBPA in the transfer belief model, and verify the validity of the proposed method by analyzing its properties and presenting numerical examples. The concept of information granule is used for the first time to model focal set and beliefs. Compared with Shannon entropy based information measures, the proposed method provides a novel perspective on the relationship between randomness, imprecision, and fuzziness in FBPA.Öğe Order-2 Probabilistic Information Fusion on Random Permutation Set(IEEE Computer Society, 2025) Zhou, Qianli; Pedrycz, Witold; Deng, YongIn this paper, a multi-object recognition scenario is considered to extend the random finite set into random permutation set. Probabilistic information on random permutation set can be viewed as an distribution determined by three random variables. We use another emerging uncertainty representation, order-2 information granule, to realize the probabilistic information fusion on random permutation sets. First, the probabilistic information on random permutation sets is viewed as an order-2 probability distribution. Second, corresponding information fusion approach is proposed. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to random permutation sets, resolving the decision-making issue under the multi-object recognition scenario. This paper pioneers the connection of order-2 information processing logic to a multi-object recognition task and develops order-2 probability distribution and its combination rules. Compared to the traditional probabilistic information fusion approaches, the proposed approach takes into account not only the propositions' beliefs provided by the sources, but the structural dependency among propositions as well. © 1989-2012 IEEE.