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    Association between Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review
    (Cambridge University Press, 2021) Özaras, Reşat; Dilek, Ahmet; Sünbül, Mustafa; Leblebicioğlu, Hakan
    To the Editor—We read the paper of Mehmood et al1 with great interest. Their letter was based on a newspaper report of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) coinfection, and its scientific basis is questionable.
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    COVID 19 and febrile neutropenia: Case report and systematic review
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022) Kaya, Taner; Dilek, Ahmet; Özaras, Reşat; Balçık, Özlem Şahin; Leblebicioğu, Hakan
    Objectives: In pandemic conditions, patients with febrile neutropenia are also at risk of COVID-19. Aim of this systematic review is to evaluate COVID-19 cases presented with febrile neutropenia and provide information regarding incidence, clinical course and prognosis. Methods: We systematically searched on COVID-19 and febrile neutropenia cases in PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Results: A total of 19 febrile neutropenic patients were analyzed. A male predominance was noted. Eleven cases had hematological malignancies. Fourteen of the cases were previously received chemotherapy. Five patients had severe neutropenia: 3 had hematologic cancer and none died. 17 (89.5%) cases have pulmonary involvement and seven of them had severe disease with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Three cases with ARDS were died. 12 of them received G-CSF for treatment. Five cases were developed respiratory failure after G-CSF use. Overall mortality was 15.8%, while death was not observed in patients without malignancy and solid organ tumors, the mortality rate was 27% in cases with hematological malignancies. Conclusion: In ongoing pandemic, febrile neutropenic patients should be precisely evaluated for COVID-19 disease. It should be remembered that there may not be typical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings of COVID-19 disease because of the immunosuppression. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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    COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: case report and systematic review
    (Elsevier Inc., 2021) Dilek, Ahmet; Özaras, Reşat; Özkaya, Şevket; Sünbül, Mustafa; Sen, Elif Itir; Leblebicioglu, Hakan
    Background: Increasing number of patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis have been reported, especially from India recently. We have described a patient with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis and, searched and analyzed current medical literature to delineate the characteristics of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Method: We reported a patient developed mucormycosis during post-COVID period. We searched literature to describe the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Demographic features, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment and outcome were analyzed. Results: We describe a 54-year-old male, hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. He was given long-term, high doses of systemic steroids. He developed maxillo-fascial mucormycosis and died of sepsis. Our literature search found 30 publications describing 100 patients including present case report. The majority (n = 68) were reported from India. 76% were male. The most commonly seen risk factors were corticosteroid use (90.5%), diabetes (79%), and hypertension (34%). Also, excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were noted in cases. Most frequent involvements were rhino-orbital (50%), followed by rhino-sinusal (17%), and rhino-orbito-cerebral (15%). Death was reported as 33 out of 99 patients (33,3%). Conclusions: Steroid use, diabetes, environmental conditions, excessive use of antibiotics, and hypoxia are main risk factors. Despite medical and surgical treatment, mortality rate is high. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the conditions facilitating the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.