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    Autism in Turkey: demographics, behavior problems, and accompanying medical conditions in a sample of Turkish youth with autism spectrum disorder
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2021) Doenyas, Ceymi; Ekici, Baris; Unay, Oyku Su; Gönen, İsmail; Tatli, Burak
    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that eludes a single explanation or cure. Epidemiological studies reveal risk factors, relevant comorbidities, and behavioral correlates to reach a better understanding of ASD. To contribute such data from an understudied ASD population, this paper presents epidemiological data from a Turkish sample of individuals with ASD (n = 911, 748 boys (82.1%) and 163 girls (17.9%) between 1 and 18 years of age). Average age at diagnosis was 31.06 +/- 11.88 months, and the male-to-female ratio was 4.6:1. Three in 4 individuals with ASD had obsessive behaviors, and 1 in 4 had allergic conditions, inappropriate sexual behaviors, self-harming behaviors, and harmful behaviors towards others. One in 3 received a dietary treatment for at least 3 months; almost half received vitamin supplements; the majority (70%) did not experience constipation; and 2 in 3 were picky eaters. This paper presents data on the age of diagnosis, gender ratios, accompanying behaviors, and dietary interventions in Turkish individuals with ASD, which are topics of current research interest about ASD. Such data from non-Western populations may supplement epidemiological knowledge gained from Western populations to help reach a more comprehensive understanding of this condition with many unknowns.
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    Sensory problems in Turkish children with autism spectrum disorder
    (DergiPark, 2020) Unay, Öyku Su; Doenyas, Ceymi; Ekici, Barış; Gönen, İsmail; Tatlı, Burak
    Background: Sensory problems are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and tailoring the interventions according to sensory profiles yields better prognosis. Objective: This study profiled the sensory symptoms of children with ASD and their sociodemographic and behavioral correlates. Material and Methods: The sample included 911 Turkish children with ASD (748 male and 163 female) aged between 1-18 years. The study was conducted as an internet survey. Results: Almost all children had a sensory problem in at least one sensory domain. The parents stated that almost half of the children received sensory integration therapy (SIT) and that 3 out of 4 of these children benefited from this method. The rate of receiving SIT for their children with ASD was higher in children of mothers and fathers who had higher education levels. Two out of 3 parents reported that their children have hyperactivity, sleep problems, and food selectivity. Obsessive behaviors were 2 times higher in children with ASD who took non-food objects in their mouths, and almost 7 times more common in children who watched rotating objects. The rates of spinning around themselves, taking nonfood objects in their mouths, and hyperactivity were significantly higher in children who experienced sleep-related problems. Conclusion: This study documents the sensory problems of Turkish children with ASD and how they relate with other behavioral domains, which can be useful for determining the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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    Sensory problems in Turkish children with autism spectrum disorder
    (Istanbul University Press, 2020) Ünay, Öykü Su; Doenyas, Ceymi; Ekici, Barış; Gönen, İsmail; Tatlı, Burak
    Background: Sensory problems are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and tailoring the interventions according to sensory profiles yields better prognosis. Objective: This study profiled the sensory symptoms of children with ASD and their sociodemographic and behavioral correlates. Material and Methods: The sample included 911 Turkish children with ASD (748 male and 163 female) aged between 1-18 years. The study was conducted as an internet survey. Results: Almost all children had a sensory problem in at least one sensory domain. The parents stated that almost half of the children received sensory integration therapy (SIT) and that 3 out of 4 of these children benefited from this method. The rate of receiving SIT for their children with ASD was higher in children of mothers and fathers who had higher education levels. Two out of 3 parents reported that their children have hyperactivity, sleep problems, and food selectivity. Obsessive behaviors were 2 times higher in children with ASD who took non-food objects in their mouths, and almost 7 times more common in children who watched rotating objects. The rates of spinning around themselves, taking nonfood objects in their mouths, and hyperactivity were significantly higher in children who experienced sleep-related problems. Conclusion: This study documents the sensory problems of Turkish children with ASD and how they relate with other behavioral domains, which can be useful for determining the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.