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    Effect of different composite resin materials used as core buildups on the trueness of intraoral scanning
    (QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2021) Elter, Bahar; Diker, Burcu; Tak, Önjen
    Purpose: To evaluate the trueness of digital impressions of different composite resin materials that can be used for core buildups in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A maxillary central incisor was prepared and scanned with an intraoral scanner (Primescan, Dentsply Sirona). Ten composite resin specimens (in three groups: universal composite; flowable composite; and bulk fill composite) were milled in the same dimensions of the prepared tooth and scanned. The data of the prepared tooth were used as reference, and the data obtained from the composite resin specimens were aligned using an evaluation software (Geomagic Studio 12) to determine deviation values. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc test was performed to compare differences among the composite resin groups (alpha = .05). Results: There were significant differences in the trueness of digital impressions between some composite resin groups (P < .05). The mean trueness deviation values were in the range of 12.75 mu m (G-aenial Posterior) to 17.06 mu m (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior). The trueness of G-aenial Posterior (12.75 mu m) was higher than that of Core-X Flow (14.62 mu m), Clearfil Majesty Flow (16.93 mu m), and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (17.06 mu m). Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior exhibited lower trueness than Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (12.93 mu m), Clearfil Majesty Posterior (13.50 mu m), and Charisma Classic (13.81 mu m). Conclusion: Different composite resins used for core buildup can impact the trueness of digital impressions, with universal composite resin scans being the truest compared to flowable and bulk fill composite resin scans. All scanned substrate groups can be regarded as within a clinically acceptable range.
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    Effect of substrate adjacent to the scan region on the trueness of four intraoral scanners: An in vitro study
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Elter, Bahar; Tak, Onjen
    Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness of four commercially available intraoral scanners (IOSs) on scanning different substrates that existed in the adjacent proximal contact area.Methods: Four IOSs (TRIOS 4, TRIOS 3, Primescan, Omnicam) were used for scanning the intact enamel surface of a molar tooth, and six restorative materials (zirconia, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, composite resin, hybrid ceramic, feldspathic ceramic, metal) that were located at the adjacent proximal contact area of the same tooth. Reference scans were obtained using an extraoral scanner (inEos X5). A 3-dimensional analyzing software (Geomagic Control X) was used to compare the reference and tested scans. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni correction was performed for statistical analyses (alpha=0.05).Results: TRIOS 3 and TRIOS 4 showed higher trueness than Primescan, and Primescan showed higher trueness than Omnicam (p<0.001), while there were no differences between TRIOS 3 and TRIOS 4. Metal showed significantly higher Root Mean Square values (0.273 +/- 0.24 mm) than other substrates. No difference was found between the scanners' zirconia, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, composite, and feldspathic ceramic scans (p > 0.05). For the metal, TRIOS 3 and TRIOS 4 showed higher trueness than Primescan and Omnicam, while Omnicam showed lower trueness among all scanners. For the hybrid ceramic, TRIOS 3 showed higher trueness than Omnicam (p<0.001). For the enamel, TRIOS 3 showed higher trueness than Primescan and Omnicam (p<0.001).Conclusions: The trueness of IOSs can be affected by the substrates that exist in the proximal contact area. Amongst all, the metal substrate affected most the trueness of the IOSs.Clinical Significance: The clinician should decide on the impression system, taking into account that the IOS and the surfaces to be scanned affect the trueness of the digital data. The deviation of the digital impression would be high in the presence of a metal restoration on the adjacent proximal surface.
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    Influence of cement shade, ceramic thickness, and airborne-particle abrasion of titanium surface on the final color of monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramic hybrid-abutment systems in vitro
    (QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO INC, 2022) Elter, Bahar; Tak, Önjen
    Objectives:The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of the ceramic thickness, cement shade, and airborne -particle abrasion of the titanium on the final color of titanium base cemented lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restorations.Method and materials: In total, 144 lithium disilicate glass -ce-ramic disks of three thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) were ce-mented to airborne-particle-abraded and non -airborne-particle -abraded titanium disks with six adhesive resin cements. The color measurements were performed with a clinical spectrophotometer. The mean and standard deviation of evaluated AE values were calculated. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for analyzing the data. Statistical analyses were computed with a sig-nificance level of alpha = .05 using a statistical software program (Minitab 17, Minitab). Results:The 0.5-and 1-mm-thick ceramic specimens cemented with Panavia V5 Opaque showed the lowest AE values when cemented on both non-airborne-particle-abraded (5.62 +/- 1.66, 3.15 +/- 1.28) and airborne-particle-abraded (5.55 +/- 0.86, 3.16 +/- 0.49) surfaces, while the highest values were seen in the groups cemented with RelyX U200 A2 (29.22 +/- 0.83, 17.23 +/- 0.45) and Panavia V5 A2 (29.94 +/- 1.17, 16.71 +/- 0.44) on airborne -particle-abraded surfaces. For the 1.5-mm-thick ceramics, the lowest AE values were seen when Multilink MO 0 cement was used on non-airborne -particle-abraded surfaces (1.56 +/- 0.29) and when Panavia V5 Opaque was used on airborne-particle-abraded surfaces (1.56 +/- 0.66). The highest values were seen when RelyX U200 A2 (9.77 +/- 1.13), PA2 (9.24 +/- 0.25), and Multilink HO 0 (9.19 +/- 1.33) were used on airborne-particle-abraded surfaces, and when Multilink HO 0 (9.61 +/- 1.70) was used on non-airborne -parti-cle-abraded surfaces. The 1-mm-thick ceramics cemented with Multilink HO 0 showed higher AE values (12.05 +/- 1.99) for airborne- particle-abraded and non-airborne-particle-abraded (12.58 +/- 1.06) than thinner (0.5 mm) or thicker (1.5 mm) ceramics. Conclusion: Thinnest ceramic superstructures resulted in the highest AE val-ues. Cements that mask the underlying color reflect their own shade under thin superstructures. Airborne-particle abrasion of titanium surfaces increases the grayish reflectance if cement shade does not have the color masking ability.
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    The trueness of an intraoral scanner in scanning different post space depths
    (Elsevier Science, 2022) Elter, Bahar; Diker, Burcu; Tak, Önjen
    The trueness of an intraoral scanner in scanning different post space depths