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    Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Niacin on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
    (Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2023) Ozaydin, Dilan; Bektasoglu, Pinar Kuru; Koyuncuoglu, Turkan; Ozkaya, Seyma Colakoglu; Koroglu, Ayca Karagoz; Akakin, Dilek; Erzik, Can
    AIM: To study the effects of niacin, a water-soluble vitamin, on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic processes observed after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 25 Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into control (n=9), TBI + Placebo group (n=9), TBI + niacin (500 mg/kg; n=7) groups. Mild TBI was performed under anesthesia by dropping a 300 g weight from a height of 1 meter onto the skull. Behavioral tests were applied before and 24 hours after TBI. Luminol and lucigenin levels and tissue cytokine levels were measured. Histopathological damage was scored in brain tissue.RESULTS: After mild TBI, luminol and lucigenin levels were increased (p<0.001), and their levels were decreased with niacin treatment (p<0.01-p<0.001). An increased score was obtained with trauma in the tail suspension test (p<0.01), showing depressive behavior. The number of entries to arms in Y-maze test were decreased in TBI group compared to pre-traumatic values (p<0.01), while discrimination (p<0.05) and recognition indices (p<0.05) in object recognition test were decreased with trauma, but niacin treatment did not change the outcomes in behavioral tests. Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were decreased with trauma, and increased with niacin treatment (p<0.05). The histological damage score was increased with trauma (p<0.001), and decreased with niacin treatment in the cortex (p<0.05), and hippocampal dentate gyrus region (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: Niacin treatment after mild TBI inhibited trauma-induced production of reactive oxygen derivatives and elevated the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level. Niacin treatment ameliorated the histopathologically evident damage.
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    The repertoire of glycan alterations and glycoproteins in human cancers
    (2021) Kori, Medi; Aydın, Büşra; Gülfidan, Gizem; Beklen, Hande; Kelesoglu, Nurdan; Çalışkan İşcan, Ayşegül; Turanli, Beste; Erzik, Can; Karademir, Betul; Arga, Kazim Yalcin
    Cancer as the leading cause of death worldwide has many issues that still need to be addressed. Since the alterations on the glycan compositions or/and structures (i.e., glycosylation, sialylation, and fucosylation) are common features of tumorigenesis, glycomics becomes an emerging field examining the structure and function of glycans. In the past, cancer studies heavily relied on genomics and transcriptomics with relatively little exploration of the glycan alterations and glycoprotein biomarkers among individuals and populations. Since glycosylation of proteins increases their structural complexity by several orders of magnitude, glycome studies resulted in highly dynamic biomarkers that can be evaluated for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Glycome not only integrates our genetic background with past and present environmental factors but also offers a promise of more efficient patient stratification compared with genetic variations. Therefore, studying glycans holds great potential for better diagnostic markers as well as developing more efficient treatment strategies in human cancers. While recent developments in glycomics and associated technologies now offer new possibilities to achieve a high-throughput profiling of glycan diversity, we aim to give an overview of the current status of glycan research and the potential applications of the glycans in the scope of the personalized medicine strategies for cancer.