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    Fabrication of a dual-drug-loaded smart niosome-g-chitosan polymeric platform for lung cancer treatment
    (MDPI, 2023) Zarepour, Atefeh; Eğil, Abdurrahim Can; Cokol Çakmak, Melike; Esmaeili Rad, Monireh; Çetin, Yüksel; Aydınlık, Şeyma; Zarrabi, Ali
    Changes in weather conditions and lifestyle lead to an annual increase in the amount of lung cancer, and therefore it is one of the three most common types of cancer, making it important to find an appropriate treatment method. This research aims to introduce a new smart nano-drug delivery system with antibacterial and anticancer capabilities that could be applied for the treatment of lung cancer. It is composed of a niosomal carrier containing curcumin as an anticancer drug and is coated with a chitosan polymeric shell, alongside Rose Bengal (RB) as a photosensitizer with an antibacterial feature. The characterization results confirmed the successful fabrication of lipid-polymeric carriers with a size of nearly 80 nm and encapsulation efficiency of about 97% and 98% for curcumin and RB, respectively. It had the Korsmeyer-Peppas release pattern model with pH and temperature responsivity so that nearly 60% and 35% of RB and curcumin were released at 37 degrees C and pH 5.5. Moreover, it showed nearly 50% toxicity against lung cancer cells over 72 h and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Accordingly, this nanoformulation could be considered a candidate for the treatment of lung cancer; however, in vivo studies are needed for better confirmation.
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    Optimization of curcumin loaded niosomes for drug delivery applications
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Esmaeili Rad, Monireh; Egil, Abdurrahim Can; Ozaydin Ince, Gozde; Yuce, Meral; Zarrabi, Ali
    Controlled drug delivery is an important and challenging issue in pharmacology. The aim is to improve efficacy and reduce the side effects of drugs. Nanotechnology suggests applying various nanoparticles as carriers to overcome drug delivery limitations. The current study introduces an optimum formulation of niosomes to carry and deliver curcumin (CUR) as a hydrophobic drug to cancerous cells. In spite of numerous pharmacological properties of this natural polyphenolic compound, including anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, it suffers from poor stability and solubility. This work studies the optimum formulation for CUR-loaded niosome and investigates its stability based on hydrodynamic size and zeta-potential measurements. The optimum blank noisome, formulated according to a three-level Box–Behnken design, was used to load CUR as an anticancer drug. The fabricated niosomes (blank/loaded) were characterized by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Prepared particles showed stability at 4 °C for up to two months. In addition, particles were durable against temperature changes from 5° to 40°C. Drug-loaded niosomes reached 99.8% drug entrapment efficiency and up to 68.33% loading capacity. Sustained-release behaviour was observed in CUR-loaded niosomes up to 25.49 ± 0.70% of CUR during 336 h. Based on cytotoxicity studies, blank niosome showed no significant toxicity effect on cells at high concentrations and after 72 h, confirming cytocompatibility of the particles. CUR-loaded niosomes had dose-dependent toxicity against cancerous cells. The concentration of 200 µg/ml of the drug-loaded carrier, containing 66.75 µg CUR, showed an IC50 effect after 48 h of exposure to cells