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Öğe Comparative analysis on application conditions of indium (III) oxide-reinforced glasses in nuclear waste management and source transportation: A Monte Carlo simulation study(Cell Press, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Rabaa, Elaf; Susoy, G.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.This study's primary objective is to provide the preliminary findings of novel research on the design of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container that were thoroughly developed for the purpose of a nuclear material container for transportation and waste management applications. The shielding characteristics of an Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass container with a certain elemental composition against the 60Co radioisotope was thoroughly evaluated. The energy deposition in the air surrounding the designed portable glass containers is measured using MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Simulation studies were carried out using LenovoP620 workstation and the number of tracks was defined as 108 in each simulation phase. According to results, the indium oxide-doped C6 (TZI8) container exhibits superior protective properties compared to other conventional container materials such as 0.5Bitumen-0.5 Cement, Pb Glass composite, Steel-Magnetite concrete. In addition to its superiority in terms of nuclear safety, it is proposed that the source's simultaneous observation and monitoring, as well as the C6 (TZI8) glass structure's transparency, be underlined as significant advantages. High-density glasses, which may replace undesirable materials such as concrete and lead, provide several advantages in terms of production ease, non-toxic properties, and resource monitoring. In conclusion, the use of Indium (III) oxide-reinforced glass with its high transparency andÖğe Functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types: An investigation on gamma-ray attenuation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE magneto-optical glasses(Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, E.; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Kilic, Gokhan; Tekin, H. O.We report the functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types on gamma-ray attenu-ation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE (where; RE=0; 1 %Ho, 1 %Pr, 1 %Er, 1 %Nd, 1 %Dy, 1 %Ce) magneto-optical glasses. The elemental fractions and densities of each glass sample were specified separately for the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In addition to fundamental gamma absorption properties, Transmission Factors throughout a broad radioisotope energy range were measured. According to findings, Holmium (Ho) incorporation into the glass structure resulted in a net increase of 0.3406 g/cm(3), whereas Cerium (Ce) addition resulted in a net in-crease of 0.2047 g/cm(3). The Ho-doped S2 sample was found to have the greatest LAC value, despite the fact that seven glass samples exhibited identical behavior. The Ho-doped S2 sample had the lowest HVL values among the glass groups evaluated in this work, computed in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The lowest EBF and EABF values were reported for Ho reinforced S2 sample with the highes LAC and density values. For all glass samples, a decrease in TF values was observed depending on the increase in thickness. Among the investigated glasses, Ho and Er reinforced samples (i.e., S2 and S4) showed the minimum TF values at used radioisotope energies. It can be concluded that Ho and Er type rare earth elements may provide the most effective gamma ray absorption properties when they are incorporated into the GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3 system.Öğe An investigation on protection properties of Tantalum (V) oxide reinforced glass screens on unexposed breast tissue for mammography examinations(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Alan, H. Y.; Almisned, G.; Yilmaz, A.; Susam, L. A.; Ilik, E.; Kilic, G.; Ozturk, G.Introduction: The utilization of radiation shielding material positioned between the both breasts are crucial for the reduction of glandular dose and the safeguarding of the contralateral breast during mammographic procedures. This study proposes an alternative substance for shielding the contralateral breast from radiation exposure during mammography screening.Methods: In this study, we present an analysis of the shielding effectiveness of transparent glass that has been doped with Tantalum (V) oxide encoded as BTZT6. The evaluation of this shielding material was conducted using the MCNPX code, specifically for the ipsilateral and contralateral breasts. The design of the left and right breast phantoms involved the creation of three-layer heterogeneous breast phantoms, consisting of varying proportions of glandular tissue (25%, 50%, and 75%). The design of BTZT6 and lead-acrylic shielding screens is implemented using the MCNPX code. The comparative analysis of dose outcomes is conducted to assess the protective efficacy of BTZT6 and lead-acrylic shielding screens.Results: The utilization of BTZT6 shielding material resulted in a reduction in both breast dose and skin dose exposure when compared to the lead-acrylic shield. Conclusion: Based on the findings acquired, the utilization of BTZT6 shielding material screens during mammography procedures involving X-rays with energy levels ranging from 26 to 30 keV is associated with a decrease in radiation dose.Implications for practice: It can be inferred that the utilization of BTZT6 demonstrates potential efficacy in mitigating excessive radiation exposure to the breasts and facilitating the quantification of glandular doses in mammography procedures.(c) 2023 The College of Radiographers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe KERMA, projected range, mass stopping power and gamma-ray shielding properties of antimony and tellurium reinforced iron phosphate glasses(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Alan, H.Y.; Yilmaz, A.; Susam, L.A.; Ozturk, G.; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Oktik S.In this study, the radiation shielding effectiveness of iron phosphate glass (Fe2O3–P2O5) doped with antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te) is assessed in detail using advanced computational methods. The projected range, mass stopping power, and KERMA (Kinetic Energy Released per unit MAss) for fourteen different iron phosphate glass samples are calculated through the PAGEX and SRIM software. Mass attenuation coefficients, linear attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half value layers, tenth value layers, and effective atomic number are determined in 0.015–15 MeV energy range. The research reveals that doping iron phosphate glass with Sb2O3 significantly enhances its shielding capabilities when compared to the inclusion of TeO2. Another important aspect is, the IPGSb50 sample exhibited the highest KERMA values, indicating its exceptional capacity for energy absorption from ionizing radiation. Additionally, the IPGSb50 sample exhibited the lowest projected range for alpha particles, also this sample demonstrated a similar prowess in limiting the penetration of proton particles. Our findings indicate that the incorporation of Sb2O3 and TeO2 into iron phosphate glass matrices results in a noticeable improvement in gamma radiation shielding effectiveness. These doped glasses could serve as potent alternatives to traditional lead-based shielding materials, offering a safer and potentially more effective barrier against a variety of radiation types. © 2024 Elsevier LtdÖğe Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3glasses: Tailoring WO3-GdF3substitution toward optimum behavioral state range(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2023) Almisned, G.; Rabaa, E.; Sen, Baykal, D.; Kavaz, E.; Ilik, E.; Kilic, G.; Zakaly H.M.H.We report the mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation properties of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses. Using the chemical composition of the selected glasses, the dissociation energy per unit volume (G t ) and the packing density (V t ) were calculated. Using the G t and V t values, Young's, Shear, Bulk, Longitudinal Modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the glasses are calculated. Next several fundamental gamma ray attenuation properties such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, effective electron density, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors are calculated in 0.015-15 MeV energy range. As a consequence of WO3-GdF3 substitution, the glass densities are observed in different values. The overall gamma ray attenuation properties are found to be enhanced through WO3 addition. Moreover, the increasing WO3 incorporation into glass configuration decreases the overall elastic moduli of glasses. It can be concluded that increasing WO3 may be a useful tool for enhancing the gamma ray attenuation qualities and decreasing the elastic moduli of TeO2-WO3-GdF3 in situations where a material with versatile mechanical properties is required. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.Öğe Mechanical, gamma rays and neutron radiation transmission properties for some ZnO-TeO2-P2O5-ZnX glasses(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Kavaz, E.; Almisned, Ghada; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Tekin, H. O.Oxyhalide glasses are utilized in the process of immobilizing nuclear waste and function as scintillating agents for the purpose of radiation detection. The objective of this study is to examine the enhanced mechanical and radiation attenuation characteristics of newly developed oxyhalide glasses by incorporating zinc-iodide. This study investigates the synthesis process, mechanical properties, and experimental gamma-neutron radiation transmission properties. A halogen-free base glass, consisting of an oxide mixture of P2O5, TeO2, and ZnO, was synthesized. Following that, the initial glass composition was further strengthened by the addition of zinc bromide (ZnBr2), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), zinc fluoride (ZnF2), and zinc iodide (ZnI2) in a successive manner. The experimental configuration entailed positioning circular glass samples between a 133Ba radioisotope and a Canberra High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The determination of attenuation coefficients is achieved through the measurement of individual attenuation properties. Afterwards, theoretical approaches are utilized to determine the mechanical characteristics of halogenated glasses, including Young's modulus (Y), Bulk modulus (K), Shear modulus (G), Longitudinal modulus (L), and Poisson's modulus (v). The results of the study suggest that the implementation of the halogenation process on the P2O5-TeO2-ZnO base composition led to a significant enhancement in the examined properties. The incorporation of zinc-iodide in the halogenation process resulted in a significant improvement in the gamma absorption properties. The utilization of zinc in the halogenation process demonstrates multifunctional capabilities, which involve the potential to enhance various glass properties, including durability and gamma-ray absorption properties. It can be concluded that zinc-iodide demonstrates enhanced halogenation capabilities in comparison to zinc bromide, zinc chloride, and zinc fluoride.Öğe Non-decreasing monotonic effects of cerium and gadolinium on tellurite glasses toward enhanced heavy-charged particle stopping: alpha-proton particles as major a part of cosmic radiation(Springer, 2023) Alan, Hatice Yilmaz; Almisned, Ghada; Yilmaz, Ayberk; Susam, Lidya Amon; Ozturk, Gizem; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, E.Charged particles have been extensively utilized in medical physics as well as in numerous radiation investigations, including cosmic radiation, which is formed of nearly 99% alpha and protons. In this study, lithium-borotellurite glasses strengthened through cerium (IV) oxide (TBLC groups) and gadolinium (III) oxide (TBLG group) are examined on mass stopping power, projected range, and KERMA parameters over the kinetic energy range from 0 to 10 MesV. SRIM and PAGEX code are utilized for determining the critical parameters. The TBLG20 sample with the greatest material density as well as Gd reinforcement is reported with the highest KERMA value. TBLG20 sample consistently yields the lowest values for the mass stopping power values obtained for alpha and protons. Moreover, alpha and proton mass stopping power values are reported to be the lowest for the TBLG20 sample. The lowest projected range values are observed for the TBLG20 sample with the greatest amount of Gd addition. This noticeable difference confirms the superiority observed in KERMA and mass stopping power values and is attributed to the maximal Gd contribution. It can be concluded that Gd reinforcement into tellurite glasses may provide a non-decreasing monotonic effect on stopping power properties of high-density tellurite glasses.Öğe The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O-Pb3O4-SiO2glass system: A multi-step characterization study(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2023) Almisned, G.; Susoy, G.; Zakaly, H.M.H.; Rabaa, E.; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Sen Baykal D.We report the gamma-ray shielding properties of five different lithium silicate glasses based on the (40 - x) Li2O-10Pb3O4-50SiO2 nominal composition. Transmission factor values and some basic shielding parameters such as linear (?) and mass attenuation coefficients (?/?), half-value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path (MFP) values of the investigated glass samples are determined in a large photon energy range. Using the G-P fitting method at various MFP values, the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values of the examined glasses are also calculated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the S5 glass specimen, which exhibits the greatest Ag2O additive and density among the various glass samples, represents a favorable choice for the purpose of shielding against gamma radiation. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.Öğe The role of ZrO2 as glass-network former on radiation transmission properties of aluminoborosilicate (ABS) glasses: A glass type for nuclear waste immobilization(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Almisned, Ghada; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, E.; Kilic, G.; Tekin, H. O.We report the gamma-ray shielding properties, transmission factors and, effective removal cross section values of several aluminoborosilicate glasses that have been synthesized through various glass-forming materials such as Al2O3, B2O3, SiO2, and ZrO2. The study utilized the elemental compositions and densities of eight different glass samples as input variables in theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. According to the results obtained, it was seen that the network-forming type used in aluminoborosilicate glasses had a direct effect on the radiation absorption properties of the glasses. The utilization of ZrO2 and Cs2O at the highest concentration as the network former and glass network modifier in the NCBZ-6 sample yielded the most advantageous results in relation to its gamma-ray absorption capabilities. The benefit is intrinsically related to the heightened density of glass and the incorporation of compounds with increased atomic numbers, both of which are fundamental characteristics desired in materials designed for the purpose of gamma-ray absorption. However, the enhanced capability of ZrO2 to absorb gamma-rays excludes the absorption of high-energy neutrons. The absence of boron trioxide (B2O3) in the NCBZ-6 sample can be ascribed to its restricted availability against fast neutrons. The continued existence of ZrO2 as a network forming in the investigated ABS glasses is likely to result in improved material homogeneity and progressive enhancement of gamma-ray absorption characteristics. It can be concluded that the incorporation of ZrO2 as a network-former component may be an appropriate strategy to enhance the gamma-ray shielding capabilities of aluminoborosilicate glasses.Öğe Toward the strengthening of radioprotection during mammography examinations through transparent glass screens: A benchmarking between experimental and Monte Carlo simulation studies(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Elshami, Wiam; Rabaa, Elaf; Kilic, G.; Ilik, E.; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ene, AntoanetaIntroductionA lead-acrylic protective screen is suggested to reduce radiation exposure to the unexposed breast during mammography. The presence of toxic lead in its structure may harm the tissues with which it comes in contact. This study aimed to design a CdO-rich quaternary tellurite glass screen (C40) and evaluate its efficiency compared to the Lead-Acrylic protective screen. MethodsA three-layer advanced heterogeneous breast phantom designed in MCNPX (version 2.7.0) general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Lead acrylic and C40 shielding screens were modeled in the MCNPX and installed between the right and left breast. The reliability of the absorption differences between the lead acrylic and C40 glass were assessed. Results and discussionThe results showed that C40 protective glass screen has much superior protection properties compared to the lead acrylic protective screen. The amount of total dose absorbed in the unexposed breast for C40 was found to be much less than that for lead-based acrylic. The protection provided by the C40 glass screen is 35-38% superior to that of the Lead-Acrylic screen. The C40 offer the opportunity to avoid the toxic Pb in the structure of Lead-Acrylic material and may be utilized for mammography to offer superior radioprotection to Lead-Acrylic and significantly lower the dose amount in the unexposed breast. It can be concluded that transparent glass screens may be utilized for radiation protection purposes in critical diagnostic radiology applications through mammography.
