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Öğe Designing a Lead-free and high-density glass for radiation facilities: Synthesis, physical, optical, structural, and experimental gamma-ray transmission properties of newly designed barium-borosilicate glass sample(Elsevier Science Sa, 2023) Sen Baykal, Duygu; Kilic, G.; Ilik, Erkan; Kavaz, E.; ALMisned, Ghada; Cakirli, R. B.; Tekin, H. O.We report the design, synthesis, optical, structural, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of a newly developed Lead-free and high-density borosilicate glass sample for its potential applications in medical and industrial ra-diation facilities. A barium-borosilicate glass sample (BSBaZn) was designed and synthesized using nominal composition of 7B2O3-50SiO2-38ZnO-5BaO. The FTIR spectrum of the BSBaZn is revealed four fundamental regions. These regions are 400-620 cm-1, 620-770 cm-1, 800-1210 cm-1, and 1210-1500 cm-1. Transmittance rate in the wavelength range of 350-1100 nm is reported as 80 %. A high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector along with an energetic 133Ba radioisotope is also utilized for experimental gamma-ray transmission studies. Various fundamental gamma-ray shielding parameters of BSBaZn are determined and accordingly compared with many other glass shields. MCNPX (version 2.7.0) general purpose Monte Carlo code is utilized for gamma-ray transmission factor (TF) values. The results showed that the synthesized BSBaZn sample has promising struc-tural, optical, and physical properties in addition to promising gamma-ray attenuation properties. The high transparency of BSBaZn along with its high-density may be considered as an important selection criterion for its implementation in protection purposes in medical and industrial radiation facilities, where the source and pa-tients monitoring play a significant role.Öğe Exploring the Radioprotective Indium (III) Oxide Screens for Mammography Scans Using a Three-Layer Heterogeneous Breast Phantom and MCNPX: A Comparative Study Using Clinical Findings(Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Elshami, Wiam; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, Erkan; Rabaa, Elaf; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaBackground: During mammography, a lead-acrylic protective screen is recommended to reduce radiation exposure to the unexposed breast. Objectives: This research study aimed to construct an Indium-(III)-oxide-rich tellurite-glass screen (TZI8) and compare its performance to that of lead acrylic. Materials and Methods: A three-layer heterogeneous-breast phantom was developed, using the MCNPX (version 2.7.0) Monte Carlo code. An MCNPX-simulation geometry was designed and implemented, using the lead-acrylic and TZI8 shielding screens between the right and left breast. Next, the reliability of the phantom and the variations in absorption between the lead-acrylic and TZI8 glass were investigated. Results: The findings show that the TZI8-protective-glass screen offers significantly greater radioprotection than the lead-acrylic material. The quantity of total dose absorbed in the unexposed breast was much lower for TZI8 than for lead-based acrylic. The TZI8-glass screen gives about 60% more radioprotection than the lead-acrylic screen. Conclusion: Considering the toxic lead in the structure that may be hazardous to the human tissues, the TZI8-glass screen may be used in mammography examination to provide greater radioprotection than the lead-acrylic screen, in order to greatly reduce the dose to the unexposed breast.Öğe The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaWe report the role of the chemical modifications on various gamma-ray attenuation properties of four different tellurite glasses reinforced through WO3. The chemical compositions and glass densities are used in terms of determining some critical attenuation properties, such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, and effective atomic number values. Based on the rise in density, it was determined that the maximum concentration of WO3 also resulted in a significant change in the overall gamma-ray absorption properties, when all of the study's findings were examined. It was observed that the glass sample, in which TeO2 and WO3 were 40 mol%, had the highest density. It was found that this glass with the highest density has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient and the lowest half value layer among the four samples specified. This demonstrates that WO3 inclusion is a functional component that may be used in tellurium glasses and is a suitable material for situations requiring increased gamma-ray absorption properties.Öğe Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3-GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Kavaz, Esra; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report the mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation properties of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses. Using the chemical composition of the selected glasses, the dissociation energy per unit volume (G(t) ) and the packing density (V-t ) were calculated. Using the G(t) and V-t values, Young's, Shear, Bulk, Longitudinal Modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the glasses are calculated. Next several fundamental gamma ray attenuation properties such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, effective electron density, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors are calculated in 0.015-15 MeV energy range. As a consequence of WO3-GdF3 substitution, the glass densities are observed in different values. The overall gamma ray attenuation properties are found to be enhanced through WO3 addition. Moreover, the increasing WO3 incorporation into glass configuration decreases the overall elastic moduli of glasses. It can be concluded that increasing WO3 may be a useful tool for enhancing the gamma ray attenuation qualities and decreasing the elastic moduli of TeO2-WO3-GdF3 in situations where a material with versatile mechanical properties is required.Öğe A Promising Glass Type in Electronic and Laser Applications: Elastic Moduli, Mechanical, and Photon Transmission Properties of WO3 Reinforced Ternary-Tellurite Glasses(Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Rammah, Yasser S. S.; Khattari, Ziad Y. Y.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, GokhanWe report the symmetry of mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for some tellurite glasses through elastic moduli, mechanical, and transmission properties as a function of varied WO3 amount in glass configuration. Four glass samples, along with different molar compositions as well as WO3/GdF3 substitution ratios, are investigated. Transmission properties using several essential parameters, such as attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, effective atomic numbers, effective conductivity, and buildup factors, are calculated in the 0.015-15 MeV energy range. Moreover, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios (sigma) of the studied glass are calculated using the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The M4 sample with the highest WO3 addition is found with superior photon attenuation properties among the glasses investigated. Poisson's ratio (sigma) is increased, while all elastic moduli are decreased. Young's modulus is reported as 62.23 GPa and 36.45.37 GPa at the highest and lowest WO3 mol%, respectively. It can be concluded that WO3 is a functional and monotonic tool in ternary-tellurite glasses for multiple modifications and enhancement purposes on gamma-ray attenuation, elastic moduli, and mechanical properties. It can also be concluded that increasing the WO3 amount in tellurite glasses may be considered a tool in terms of providing symmetry for mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties.Öğe The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O-Pb3O4-SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gulfem; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Rabaa, Elaf; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, Erkan; Sen Baykal, DuyguWe report the gamma-ray shielding properties of five different lithium silicate glasses based on the (40 - x) Li2O-10Pb(3)O(4)-50SiO(2) nominal composition. Transmission factor values and some basic shielding parameters such as linear (mu) and mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho), half-value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path (MFP) values of the investigated glass samples are determined in a large photon energy range. Using the G-P fitting method at various MFP values, the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values of the examined glasses are also calculated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the S5 glass specimen, which exhibits the greatest Ag2O additive and density among the various glass samples, represents a favorable choice for the purpose of shielding against gamma radiation.Öğe Tailoring optimal translocation conditions towards proximity of borotellurite glasses to the red spectrum through CeO2 for practical applications(Cell Press, 2023) Cetinkaya, Caglar; Cokduygulular, Erman; Kinaci, Baris; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; ALMisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report the critical optical properties such as Average Visible Transmittance (AVT), colour, Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of a multicomponent glass system with a nominal composition of 50TeO(2)-30B(2)O(2)-(20-x)Li2O-xCeO(2) (x = 0,0.5,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 mol%). Various advanced theoretical approaches as well as calculations are utilized in terms of determining the optical properties of studied glasses. The maximum transmittance and AVT values of the glass system exceeded 80% and 79.59%, respectively. The colour coordinates are found extremely near to D65 and the achromatic point without CeO2 contribution. According to our results, the current system has a promising ability to be utilized for coloured window applications in terms of both AVT and colour with 2% CeO2 doping. Our results showed that, the CeO2 additive is able to move the glass colour straight into the red spectrum by shifting the transmittance spectrum to the long-wavelength portion of the visible spectrum. With 10% CeO2 doping, opacity in the visible area and permeability in the NIR region are obtained, and the CCT value changes from 5002 K to 2560 K. It can be concluded that a filter system with modifiable NIR or red optical characteristics may be produced through the CeO2 alterations in borotellurite glass systems.Öğe Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaThis study investigates the effect of substituting tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses whose densities varies from 5.0879 to 5.3246 g/cm(3) on gamma-ray absorption properties. A range of fundamental absorption parameters, including attenuation coefficients, half-value layer thicknesses, effective atom and electron numbers, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors, were studied for five different glass samples with varying substitution ratios. The ratio of tungsten(vi) oxide to gadolinium(iii) fluoride varied between 0 and 20 mol%, as well as the TeO2 ratio in the composition was maintained between 90 and 80 mol%. The sample with the composition of 80-20 mol% TeO2/WO3, which attained the maximum density value with 20 mol% WO3 addition, showed the highest gamma-absorption capabilities based on the obtained findings in the range of 0.015-15 MeV. In consideration of the mechanical and physical properties of WO3 in tellurite glasses, it can be concluded that WO3 incorporation is a crucial monotonic process that may be utilized to further improve the properties of glass shields.Öğe Tungsten (VI) oxide reinforced antimony glasses for radiation safety applications: A throughout investigation for determination of radiation shielding properties and transmission factors(Cell Press, 2023) AlMisned, Ghada; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, Erkan; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Issa, Shams A. M.; Kilic, G.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report the functional assessment of tungsten (VI) oxide on gamma-ray attenuation properties of 60Sb2O3-(40-x)NaPO3-xWO3 antimony glasses. The elemental mass-fractions and glass densities of each glass sample are specified separately for the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In addition to fundamental gamma absorption properties, Transmission Factors throughout a broad radioisotope energy range were measured. According to findings, holmium (Ho) incorporation into the glass structure resulted in a net increase of 0.3406 g/cm3, whereas cerium (Ce) addition resulted in a net increase of 0.2047 g/cm3. The 40% WO3 reinforced S7 sample was found to have the greatest LAC value, even though seven glass samples exhibited identical behavior. The S2 sample had the lowest HVL values among the glass groups evaluated in this work, computed in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The lowest EBF and EABF values were reported for 40% WO3 reinforced S7 sample with the highest LAC and density values. According to the findings of this research, WO3 will likely make a significant contribution to the gamma ray absorption properties of antimony glasses, which are employed for optical and structural modification. Therefore, it can be concluded that WO3 may be treated monotonically and can be employed successfully in circumstances where gamma-ray absorption characteristics, optical properties, and structural qualities need to be enhanced.
