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    Graphene- and MXene-based materials for neuroscience: diagnostic and therapeutic applications
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2023) Zarepour, Atefeh; Karasu, Cimen; Mir, Yousof; Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, Ali
    MXenes and graphene are two-dimensional materials that have gained increasing attention in neuroscience, particularly in sensing, theranostics, and biomedical engineering. Various composites of graphene and MXenes with fascinating thermal, optical, magnetic, mechanical, and electrical properties have been introduced to develop advanced nanosystems for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, as exemplified in the case of biosensors for neurotransmitter detection. These biosensors display high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, making them promising tools for neuroscience research. MXenes have been employed to create high-resolution neural interfaces for neuroelectronic devices, develop neuro-receptor-mediated synapse devices, and stimulate the electrophysiological maturation of neural circuits. On the other hand, graphene/derivatives exhibit therapeutic applicability in neuroscience, as exemplified in the case of graphene oxide for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. While MXenes and graphene have potential benefits in neuroscience, there are also challenges/limitations associated with their use, such as toxicity, environmental impacts, and limited understanding of their properties. In addition, large-scale production and commercialization as well as optimization of reaction/synthesis conditions and clinical translation studies are very important aspects. Thus, it is important to consider the use of these materials in neuroscience research and conduct further research to obtain an in-depth understanding of their properties and potential applications. By addressing issues related to biocompatibility, long-term stability, targeted delivery, electrical interfaces, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, MXenes and graphene have the potential to greatly advance the field of neuroscience and pave the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders. Herein, recent advances in therapeutic and diagnostic applications of graphene- and MXene-based materials in neuroscience are discussed, focusing on important challenges and future prospects. Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of graphene- and MXene-based materials in neuroscience are deliberated, focusing on important challenges and future prospects.
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    Tackling chronic wound healing using nanomaterials: advancements, challenges, and future perspectives
    (Elsevier, 2023) Yasayan, Gokcen; Nejati, Omid; Ceylan, Asli F.; Karasu, Cimen; Ugur, Pelin Kelicen; Bal-Ozturk, Ayca; Zarepour, Atefeh
    Chronic wounds are known as one of the biggest health challenges, especially in the case of diabetes patients, which annually engages millions of patients, and its management imposes an exorbitant economic cost on so-cieties worldwide. Therefore, there is an unmet need to find novel therapeutic methods with lower costs and higher efficiency. In recent years, a wide range of nanomaterials (NMs) has been utilized and shown promising results in treating different types of chronic wounds via playing a vital role as carriers for therapeutic agents or directly act as the therapeutic compound. NMs could affect different phases of the healing process, from he-mostasis to remodeling, via influencing various intracellular factors. Towards this, the current review aims to provide the most recent research progress and prospect on the application of different NMs in chronic wound healing, particularly focusing on their effects on intracellular factors. The chronic wounds and intracellular pathways involved in this process are elaborated, and several NMs-based therapeutic agents used for chronic wound healing are described. The potential pitfalls and challenges of utilizing NMs in chronic wound healing are covered, and future perspectives toward more successful translational applications are presented.