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    Comparison of selected levels of serum elements/minerals in obese dogs
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Cihan, H.; Ates, F.; Karis, D.; Tunca, M.; Bozkurt, N. C.; Yaramis, C. P.; Bilgic, B.
    Obesity is the most common metabolic disorder defined as excessive adipose tissue accumulation in the body. Elements and minerals are crucial for biological metabolism. There have been limited studies based on the relationship between elements/minerals and obesity in dogs. The study was aimed to evaluate possible alterations of se-lected serum elements/minerals-copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), boron (B) and cobalt (Co)-in obese dogs. The study groups were categorized as obese group (n:20) and controls (n:10) with different breeds and genders due to body condition scoring system cared under similar conditions fed with dry commercial food once daily. Serum elements/minerals in serum were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Obese dogs had statistically higher serum Fe levels compared with healthy controls. A positive correlation was found between serum levels of Cr-Ni; Cu-Mg; Cu-Se; Mg-Se; Mg-Ca; Mg-P; B-Co; B-Ca; Ni-Co; Co-Ca and Ca-P in obese dogs. It has been accepted that obesity is a pro-inflammatory process priorly initiating in adipose tissue. Higher serum Fe levels in obese dogs might be related with inflammation during the obesity process. Moreover, the strong correlations among other discussed elements/minerals even with no statistical alterations of serum levels in obese dogs should be elucidated with further studies. Elements and minerals might be evaluated as biomarkers for the determination of effects of obesity in dogs.
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    Oral Microbiota Signatures in the Pathogenesis of Euthyroid Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
    (MDPI, 2023) Erdem, M.G.; Unlu, O.; Ates, F.; Karis, D.; Demirci, M.
    One of the most prevalent autoimmune illnesses in the world is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, whose pathogenesis is still unknown. The gut–thyroid axis is frequently examined, and although oral health affects thyroid functions, there are limited data on how oral microbiota is linked to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The study aims to identify the oral microbiota from saliva samples taken from treated (with levothyroxine) and untreated female euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients as well as healthy controls who were age- and sex-matched to compare the oral microbiota across the groups and to contribute preliminary data to the literature. This study was designed as a single-center cross-sectional observational study. Sixty (60) female patients with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and eighteen (18) age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected. After DNA isolation, sequencing was performed by targeting the V3-V4 gene regions of the 16S rRNA on the MiSeq instrument. R scripts and SPSS were used for bioinformatic and statistical analysis. No significant differences were found in the diversity indices. However, Patescibacteria phylum showed a significantly higher abundance (3.59 vs. 1.12; p = 0.022) in the oral microbiota of HT patients compared to HC. In the oral microbiota, the euthyroid HT group had approximately 7, 9, and 10-fold higher levels of the Gemella, Enterococcus, and Bacillus genera levels than healthy controls, respectively. In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrated that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis causes changes in the oral microbiota, whereas the medicine used to treat the condition had no such effects. Therefore, revealing the core oral microbiota and long-term follow-up of the HT process by conducting extensive and multicenter studies might provide some important data for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. © 2023 by the authors.