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Öğe A comparative analysis of shielding effectiveness in glass and concrete containers(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2024) ALMmisned, Ghada; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Elshami, Wiam; Susoy, Gulfem; Kilic, Gokhan; Tekin, Huseyin OzanNuclear waste control and related equipment play a vital role in safeguarding human health and the environment from the potential dangers of radioactive waste. This study addresses the critical challenge of enhancing the shielding effectiveness of container materials for nuclear waste management, with a focus on comparing the attenuation properties of glass and concrete composites. Our analysis revealed that the copper oxide-reinforced borosilicate glass container demonstrated a significant transmission factor (TF) value decrease by approximately 15% compared to steel-magnetite concrete at 1.3325 MeV, with a standard deviation of +/- 1.5%, indicating its lower protective characteristics. Nonetheless, it exhibited a 10% higher TF reduction compared to the cement-bitumen mix at the same energy level, with a precision error of +/- 1.2%. In addition, the half-value layer for this glass was determined to be 2.5 cm for 1.3325 MeV gamma rays, showing moderate shielding capacity. The study demonstrates that optimizing the oxide content in the borosilicate glass matrix significantly enhances its shielding effectiveness. This advancement in nuclear waste management materials is justified by our comprehensive evaluation, highlighting the potential of optimized glass materials to outperform traditional concrete in certain scenarios, thus contributing to the development of more effective nuclear waste containment solutions.Öğe Enhancement of significant colour properties through Ta2O5 incorporation into ZnO-TeO2 binary glasses: An effective method for purposeful utilizations in industry and technology(Elsevier, 2023) Cokduygulular, Erman; Cetinkaya, Caglar; Kinaci, Baris; Kilic, Gokhan; Tekin, H. O.The fact that multicomponent glass systems offer tuneable optical properties according to different additive rates increases their potential for use in daily industrial and optoelectronic applications that require high optical and colour performance. Therefore, it is vital to determine the optical and colour performances of glass systems in detail. The purpose of this research is to examine the monotonic effects of Ta2O5 on a set of glass samples and the resulting changes to colour concepts to better understand how to acquire these changes at their optimum level and make the most of the optimization possibilities available with Ta2O5. Accordingly, many optical properties such as Average Visible Transmittance (AVT), colour, Colour Render Index (CRI), Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) that change with Ta2O5 doping ratio in binary Zinc-Tellurite oxide glasses-based systems are examined and their potential to be used for effective optoelectronic applications are presented. With the addition of Ta2O5 into (25ZnO center dot 75TeO(2))y(Ta2O5)x (x = 0-7 mol% and y = 100-x mol%) glassy system, all optical and colour properties were improved significantly. The Ta2O5 contribution increases the AVT and changes the colour coordinates of the glass system along the Planckian locus curve from the yellow region to the D65 colour coordinates. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of 15 coloured samples is provided, focusing on the cases in which Ta2O5 enhances the CRIext value. An enrichment was observed for TCS07 and TCS14, and a value of 100 was obtained specifically for TCS09 with a 3% Ta2O5 contribution. It can be concluded that the Ta2O5 is a promising multi-functional tool for colour enhancement of ZnO-TeO2 binary glasses making them more suitable for daily applications as well as applications in advanced technological purposes.Öğe Exploring the KERMA, mass stopping power and projected range values against heavy-charged particles: A focusing study on Sm, Yb, and Nd reinforced tellurite glass shields(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Yilmaz, Ayberk; Almisned, Ghada; Alan, Hatice Yilmaz; Susam, Lidya Amon; Ozturk, Gizem; Kilic, Gokhan; Tuysuz, BaharIn present study, the behavior of ytterbium (III) oxide, samarium (III) oxide and neodymium (III) oxide reinforced novel TeO2-B2O3-V2O5 (TBV groups, tellurite-vanadium-boro) glasses groups are investigated against heavy charged particles, on mass stopping power, projected range and KERMA parameters. SRIM and PAGEX codes are used for determination of the mass stopping power, projected range and KERMA parameters in a kinetic energy range of 0-10 MeV. The highest KERMA values of TBV(X) glasses were achieved at 0.6 MeV. Among TBV(X) glasses, the TBVY1.5 sample with the highest material density (i.e. 5.01038 g/cm3) had the highest KERMA value. The TBVY1.5 sample has the lowest projected range values for alpha and protons with the same kinetic energy. The lowest values of mass stopping power were reported for the TBVY and TBVS groups, which had the highest density values among the analyzed glass samples. The TBVY1.5 sample provides the greatest stopping and slowing characteristics for alpha and proton kinetic energies ranging from 0 to 10 MeV. In this case, it can be said that these two glass groups may slow down alpha particles with a certain kinetic energy the most effectively. It can be concluded that TBV(Y) and TBV(S) glass groups might be useful for stopping the alpha, proton and electron particles.Öğe Exploring the Radioprotective Indium (III) Oxide Screens for Mammography Scans Using a Three-Layer Heterogeneous Breast Phantom and MCNPX: A Comparative Study Using Clinical Findings(Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Elshami, Wiam; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, Erkan; Rabaa, Elaf; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaBackground: During mammography, a lead-acrylic protective screen is recommended to reduce radiation exposure to the unexposed breast. Objectives: This research study aimed to construct an Indium-(III)-oxide-rich tellurite-glass screen (TZI8) and compare its performance to that of lead acrylic. Materials and Methods: A three-layer heterogeneous-breast phantom was developed, using the MCNPX (version 2.7.0) Monte Carlo code. An MCNPX-simulation geometry was designed and implemented, using the lead-acrylic and TZI8 shielding screens between the right and left breast. Next, the reliability of the phantom and the variations in absorption between the lead-acrylic and TZI8 glass were investigated. Results: The findings show that the TZI8-protective-glass screen offers significantly greater radioprotection than the lead-acrylic material. The quantity of total dose absorbed in the unexposed breast was much lower for TZI8 than for lead-based acrylic. The TZI8-glass screen gives about 60% more radioprotection than the lead-acrylic screen. Conclusion: Considering the toxic lead in the structure that may be hazardous to the human tissues, the TZI8-glass screen may be used in mammography examination to provide greater radioprotection than the lead-acrylic screen, in order to greatly reduce the dose to the unexposed breast.Öğe Functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types: An investigation on gamma-ray attenuation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE magneto-optical glasses(Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, E.; Abuzaid, Mohammed; Kilic, Gokhan; Tekin, H. O.We report the functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types on gamma-ray attenu-ation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE (where; RE=0; 1 %Ho, 1 %Pr, 1 %Er, 1 %Nd, 1 %Dy, 1 %Ce) magneto-optical glasses. The elemental fractions and densities of each glass sample were specified separately for the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In addition to fundamental gamma absorption properties, Transmission Factors throughout a broad radioisotope energy range were measured. According to findings, Holmium (Ho) incorporation into the glass structure resulted in a net increase of 0.3406 g/cm(3), whereas Cerium (Ce) addition resulted in a net in-crease of 0.2047 g/cm(3). The Ho-doped S2 sample was found to have the greatest LAC value, despite the fact that seven glass samples exhibited identical behavior. The Ho-doped S2 sample had the lowest HVL values among the glass groups evaluated in this work, computed in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The lowest EBF and EABF values were reported for Ho reinforced S2 sample with the highes LAC and density values. For all glass samples, a decrease in TF values was observed depending on the increase in thickness. Among the investigated glasses, Ho and Er reinforced samples (i.e., S2 and S4) showed the minimum TF values at used radioisotope energies. It can be concluded that Ho and Er type rare earth elements may provide the most effective gamma ray absorption properties when they are incorporated into the GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3 system.Öğe The impact of chemical modifications on gamma-ray attenuation properties of some WO3-reinforced tellurite glasses(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaWe report the role of the chemical modifications on various gamma-ray attenuation properties of four different tellurite glasses reinforced through WO3. The chemical compositions and glass densities are used in terms of determining some critical attenuation properties, such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, and effective atomic number values. Based on the rise in density, it was determined that the maximum concentration of WO3 also resulted in a significant change in the overall gamma-ray absorption properties, when all of the study's findings were examined. It was observed that the glass sample, in which TeO2 and WO3 were 40 mol%, had the highest density. It was found that this glass with the highest density has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient and the lowest half value layer among the four samples specified. This demonstrates that WO3 inclusion is a functional component that may be used in tellurium glasses and is a suitable material for situations requiring increased gamma-ray absorption properties.Öğe Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation competencies of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses: Tailoring WO3-GdF3 substitution toward optimum behavioral state range(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Kavaz, Esra; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report the mechanical properties, elastic moduli, and gamma ray attenuation properties of some TeO2-WO3-GdF3 glasses. Using the chemical composition of the selected glasses, the dissociation energy per unit volume (G(t) ) and the packing density (V-t ) were calculated. Using the G(t) and V-t values, Young's, Shear, Bulk, Longitudinal Modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the glasses are calculated. Next several fundamental gamma ray attenuation properties such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, effective electron density, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors are calculated in 0.015-15 MeV energy range. As a consequence of WO3-GdF3 substitution, the glass densities are observed in different values. The overall gamma ray attenuation properties are found to be enhanced through WO3 addition. Moreover, the increasing WO3 incorporation into glass configuration decreases the overall elastic moduli of glasses. It can be concluded that increasing WO3 may be a useful tool for enhancing the gamma ray attenuation qualities and decreasing the elastic moduli of TeO2-WO3-GdF3 in situations where a material with versatile mechanical properties is required.Öğe Non-decreasing monotonic effects of cerium and gadolinium on tellurite glasses toward enhanced heavy-charged particle stopping: alpha-proton particles as major a part of cosmic radiation(Springer, 2023) Alan, Hatice Yilmaz; Almisned, Ghada; Yilmaz, Ayberk; Susam, Lidya Amon; Ozturk, Gizem; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, E.Charged particles have been extensively utilized in medical physics as well as in numerous radiation investigations, including cosmic radiation, which is formed of nearly 99% alpha and protons. In this study, lithium-borotellurite glasses strengthened through cerium (IV) oxide (TBLC groups) and gadolinium (III) oxide (TBLG group) are examined on mass stopping power, projected range, and KERMA parameters over the kinetic energy range from 0 to 10 MesV. SRIM and PAGEX code are utilized for determining the critical parameters. The TBLG20 sample with the greatest material density as well as Gd reinforcement is reported with the highest KERMA value. TBLG20 sample consistently yields the lowest values for the mass stopping power values obtained for alpha and protons. Moreover, alpha and proton mass stopping power values are reported to be the lowest for the TBLG20 sample. The lowest projected range values are observed for the TBLG20 sample with the greatest amount of Gd addition. This noticeable difference confirms the superiority observed in KERMA and mass stopping power values and is attributed to the maximal Gd contribution. It can be concluded that Gd reinforcement into tellurite glasses may provide a non-decreasing monotonic effect on stopping power properties of high-density tellurite glasses.Öğe A Promising Glass Type in Electronic and Laser Applications: Elastic Moduli, Mechanical, and Photon Transmission Properties of WO3 Reinforced Ternary-Tellurite Glasses(Mdpi, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Rammah, Yasser S. S.; Khattari, Ziad Y. Y.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, GokhanWe report the symmetry of mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for some tellurite glasses through elastic moduli, mechanical, and transmission properties as a function of varied WO3 amount in glass configuration. Four glass samples, along with different molar compositions as well as WO3/GdF3 substitution ratios, are investigated. Transmission properties using several essential parameters, such as attenuation coefficients, half-value layers, effective atomic numbers, effective conductivity, and buildup factors, are calculated in the 0.015-15 MeV energy range. Moreover, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios (sigma) of the studied glass are calculated using the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The M4 sample with the highest WO3 addition is found with superior photon attenuation properties among the glasses investigated. Poisson's ratio (sigma) is increased, while all elastic moduli are decreased. Young's modulus is reported as 62.23 GPa and 36.45.37 GPa at the highest and lowest WO3 mol%, respectively. It can be concluded that WO3 is a functional and monotonic tool in ternary-tellurite glasses for multiple modifications and enhancement purposes on gamma-ray attenuation, elastic moduli, and mechanical properties. It can also be concluded that increasing the WO3 amount in tellurite glasses may be considered a tool in terms of providing symmetry for mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties.Öğe The role of Ag2O incorporation in nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of the Li2O-Pb3O4-SiO2 glass system: A multi-step characterization study(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Susoy, Gulfem; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Rabaa, Elaf; Kilic, Gokhan; Ilik, Erkan; Sen Baykal, DuyguWe report the gamma-ray shielding properties of five different lithium silicate glasses based on the (40 - x) Li2O-10Pb(3)O(4)-50SiO(2) nominal composition. Transmission factor values and some basic shielding parameters such as linear (mu) and mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho), half-value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path (MFP) values of the investigated glass samples are determined in a large photon energy range. Using the G-P fitting method at various MFP values, the exposure buildup factor and energy absorption buildup factor values of the examined glasses are also calculated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the S5 glass specimen, which exhibits the greatest Ag2O additive and density among the various glass samples, represents a favorable choice for the purpose of shielding against gamma radiation.Öğe Tailoring a Behavioral Symmetry on KERMA, Mass Stopping Power and Projected Range Parameters against Heavy-Charged Particles in Zinc-Tellurite Glasses for Nuclear Applications(Mdpi, 2023) Susam, Lidya Amon; Yilmaz, Ayberk; ALMisned, Ghada; Alan, Hatice Yilmaz; Ozturk, Gizem; Kilic, Gokhan; Tuysuz, BaharWe present the behavioral changes and symmetrical enhancement on KERMA, mass stopping power and projected range parameters against heavy-charged particles through Indium (In) and Tantalum (Ta) incorporations for various zinc-tellurite glass groups such as TZI and ZTT for nuclear applications. SRIM and PAGEX codes are utilized for the determination of investigated attenuation parameters for alpha and proton particles. In KERMA calculations, the ZTT7 sample is reported to have the greatest release of charged particles because of an increase in kinetic energy. The mass stopping power values of all absorbent glass materials are steadily increased from 0 MeV to 0.1 MeV. TZI and ZTT attained their maximum mass stopping power at a kinetic energy value of 0.1 MeV. While comparable behavior patterns are seen for various energy values on the examined energy scale, the ZTT7 sample is observed with lower mass stopping power and projected range values against proton particles than the other samples. It can be concluded that zinc-telluride glasses through maximum Ta-reinforcement may be considered as promising materials for stopping the proton and alpha particles. Moreover, Ta-reinforcement may be considered as a monotonic tool in terms of providing a symmetry for attenuation enhancement against heavy-charged particles.Öğe Tailoring a symmetry for material properties of tellurite glasses through tungsten(vi) oxide addition: Mechanical properties and gamma-ray transmissions properties(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Khattari, Ziad Y. Y.; Rabaa, Elaf; Rammah, Yasser S. S.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report a correlation outcome for mechanical and gamma-ray transmission properties of tellurite glasses by increasing tungsten(vi) oxide concentration in glass structure. The mechanical properties as well as Poisson's ratio (s) of the studied glasses are estimated by applying Makishima-Mackenzie model. Gamma-ray attenuation properties using various fundamental parameters are determined in 0.015-15 MeV energy range. Poisson's ratio (s) decreased from 0.43017 to 0.42711, while all elastic moduli increased linearly with the molar increment of either [WO3] or [TeO2] in the molecular structure of the glass network. Moreover, gamma-ray attenuation properties are enhanced as a function of increasing WO3 substitution amount from 30 to 50% mol in the glass structure. Half-value layer values at 15 MeV are found to be between 2.648 and 2.8614 cm. I4 samples with a composition of 20TeO(2)-50WO(3)-30GdF(3) and density of 6.0530 g/cm(3) was found to have superior material properties in terms of elastic and gamma-ray attenuation properties. It can be concluded that maximized WO3 contribution into the tellurite glasses may be considered as a critical tool in terms of establishing a symmetry between mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties for high-density tellurite glasses for their potential utilization in nuclear waste management, radiation shielding, and radioactive source transportation purposes.Öğe Tailoring optimal translocation conditions towards proximity of borotellurite glasses to the red spectrum through CeO2 for practical applications(Cell Press, 2023) Cetinkaya, Caglar; Cokduygulular, Erman; Kinaci, Baris; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; ALMisned, Ghada; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.We report the critical optical properties such as Average Visible Transmittance (AVT), colour, Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of a multicomponent glass system with a nominal composition of 50TeO(2)-30B(2)O(2)-(20-x)Li2O-xCeO(2) (x = 0,0.5,1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 mol%). Various advanced theoretical approaches as well as calculations are utilized in terms of determining the optical properties of studied glasses. The maximum transmittance and AVT values of the glass system exceeded 80% and 79.59%, respectively. The colour coordinates are found extremely near to D65 and the achromatic point without CeO2 contribution. According to our results, the current system has a promising ability to be utilized for coloured window applications in terms of both AVT and colour with 2% CeO2 doping. Our results showed that, the CeO2 additive is able to move the glass colour straight into the red spectrum by shifting the transmittance spectrum to the long-wavelength portion of the visible spectrum. With 10% CeO2 doping, opacity in the visible area and permeability in the NIR region are obtained, and the CCT value changes from 5002 K to 2560 K. It can be concluded that a filter system with modifiable NIR or red optical characteristics may be produced through the CeO2 alterations in borotellurite glass systems.Öğe Translocation of tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses towards improvement of gamma-ray attenuation features in high-density glass shields(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) ALMisned, Ghada; Rabaa, Elaf; Sen Baykal, Duygu; Ilik, Erkan; Kilic, Gokhan; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Ene, AntoanetaThis study investigates the effect of substituting tungsten(vi) oxide/gadolinium(iii) fluoride in tellurite glasses whose densities varies from 5.0879 to 5.3246 g/cm(3) on gamma-ray absorption properties. A range of fundamental absorption parameters, including attenuation coefficients, half-value layer thicknesses, effective atom and electron numbers, effective conductivity, exposure, and energy absorption buildup factors, were studied for five different glass samples with varying substitution ratios. The ratio of tungsten(vi) oxide to gadolinium(iii) fluoride varied between 0 and 20 mol%, as well as the TeO2 ratio in the composition was maintained between 90 and 80 mol%. The sample with the composition of 80-20 mol% TeO2/WO3, which attained the maximum density value with 20 mol% WO3 addition, showed the highest gamma-absorption capabilities based on the obtained findings in the range of 0.015-15 MeV. In consideration of the mechanical and physical properties of WO3 in tellurite glasses, it can be concluded that WO3 incorporation is a crucial monotonic process that may be utilized to further improve the properties of glass shields.Öğe Utilization potential of Glutograph in wheat breeding programs and the influence of genotype and environment on bread wheat quality(Wiley, 2020) Evlice, Asuman Kaplan; Pehlivan, Aliye; Sanal, Turgay; Salantur, Ayten; Kilic, Gokhan; Dugan, Gulcin; Boyaci, Ismail H.; Köksel, HamitBackground and objectives Glutograph is a relatively new instrument to determine the stretch (GS) and relaxation (GR) properties of wheat gluten. The aims of this research were to determine heritability values of GS and GR and to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on some quality parameters and yield. The relationship between Glutograph parameters and other traits was also investigated by using correlation and biplot analyses. Findings Wide ranges of variability values were observed among both genotypes and environments for Glutograph parameters and other investigated characteristics. Genotype was found to be the most significant source of variation (69%), and high heritability values (0.95) were calculated for Glutograph parameters. Glutograph parameters had strong relationships with gluten index (GI) and Alveograph deformation energy (W) based on correlation and biplot analyses. Biplot analysis performed on 24 genotypes and nineteen traits demonstrated that especially eight genotypes had similar responses for GS, GI, grain protein content, Alveograph elasticity index, W, and Zeleny sedimentation values. Conclusion Glutograph could be a beneficial quick screening test especially in early stages of breeding programs for improving the baking quality of wheat. Significance and novelty The high heritability values indicate that Glutograph has a great potential for evaluation of gluten quality, especially in breeding programs.
