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Öğe Effects of Hybrid POSS Nanoparticles on the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer-Toughened Polyamide 6(Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Yildirim, Rumeysa; Ullah, Muhammad Saeed; Kocoglu, Hurol; Un, Merve; Cakir, Nazli Yazici; Demir, Gulsah; Cetin, DuyguIn this study, polyamide 6 (PA6)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends were prepared to decrease the notch sensitivity of PA6 for automotive applications, and the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of PA6/TPE blends, which are partially miscible or immiscible depending on the TPE ratio, were significantly improved in the existence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles with multiple reactive epoxy groups as compatibilizers. An unstable phase morphology was obtained with the addition of TPE into PA6 without POSS nanoparticles, whereas interfacial interactions between phases in the presence of POSS were enhanced as a result of a significant decrease in the average particle size from 1.39 to 0.41 mu m. The complex viscosity value of the 70PA6/30TPE blend, which was 20 kPa/s(-1) at 0.1 rad/s angular frequency, reached 380 kPa/s(-1) with the addition of POSS due to the formation of long chains by the generation of graft and/or block copolymers, which resulted in a 65% increase in Young's modulus value. Most notably, the Izod impact strength of pure PA6, which was 10 kJ/m(2), increased by 290% with the incorporation of POSS. It was confirmed by FTIR analysis that the reactive multiple epoxy groups of MultEpPOSS and EPPOSS nanoparticles react with the proper groups of PA6 and/or TPE, and also, a partial hydrogen bonding interaction occurs between PA6-TPE from the shifting of N-H and carbonyl peaks. In conclusion, it can be suggested that POSS nanoparticles can serve as highly effective compatibilizers for PA6/TPE blends and have potential commercial applications, especially in the automotive sector.Öğe Solid particle erosion and scratch behavior of novel scrap carbon fiber/glass fabric/polyamide 6.6 hybrid composites(Wiley, 2023) Kocoglu, Hurol; Korkusuz, Orkan Baran; Ozzaim, Pelin; Kodal, Mehmet; Altan, M. Cengiz; Sinmazcelik, Tamer; Ozcelik, BaburThis study investigated the tribological performance of hybrid composites composed of scrap carbon fiber (CF), glass fabric (GF), and polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) through an innovative approach for reusing scrap CFs in high-value composite structures. The experimental setup included CF/GF/PA6.6 hybrid composite laminates with varying CF contents and surface-modified GFs, as well as PA6.6 sheets and GF/PA6.6 composite laminates. Solid particle erosion and scratch tests were conducted to assess the influence of scrap CF hybridization and GF surface modification on the tribological properties of the composites. The results demonstrated that neat PA6.6 sheets exhibited the lowest erosion rate, while the incorporation of CF and GF reinforcements had a detrimental effect on erosion resistance. The highest erosion rate was observed within the impact angle range of 15 degrees -30 degrees for pure PA6.6 sheets, whereas for composite laminates, it occurred within the range of 30 degrees-45 degrees. In contrast, CFs positively affected scratch hardness despite their negative impact on erosion resistance. Additionally, the silane treatment of GFs, which enhanced interfacial strength, improved the erosion resistance and scratch hardness of GF/PA6.6 composite laminates without CF. Profilometer-based topographic analysis revealed a correlation between the average surface roughness of the eroded surfaces and the weight loss resulting from solid particle erosion.