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    Comparison of nylon-flocked swabs and cotton swabs in the detection of human papillomavirus infection in men
    (Springer, 2024) Sarier, Mehmet; Kasap, Esin; Emek, Mestan; Konuk, Elcin; Barut, Zerrin; Dogru, Kamil; Sepin, Nevgun
    BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus and the commonest sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide. Appropriate sampling is an important factor in infection management. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of cotton swabs (CS) and nylon-flocked swabs (NFS) in sampling for HPV-DNA PCR testing in male patients with genital warts.MethodsThe study included men with genital warts who presented to the urology outpatient clinic of Antalya Medical Park Hospital. Before wart treatment, multisite sampling of the penis and genital area was performed separately with CS and NFS. The samples were analyzed for HPV-DNA using real-time PCR.ResultsThe study included 45 men with a mean age of 32.1 +/- 8.6 years. At least one HPV type was detected in all 45 patients with NFS sampling and 44 patients with CS sampling (total HPV types detected: 106 and 84, respectively). NFS sampling detected 52 high-risk HPV types in 37 of the 45 patients, while CS sampling detected 37 high-risk types in 19 patients (p = 0.029). NFS sampling also detected a total of 54 low-risk HPV types in all 45 patients, versus 47 low-risk HPV types in 41 patients with CS sampling. Multiple HPV types were detected in 30 patients with NFS and 17 patients with CS (p = 0.001).ConclusionNFS were more effective than CS for HPV-DNA testing in men with genital warts. NFS were superior to CS in detecting multiple-type HPV infection and high-risk HPV types. The use of NFS should be recommended for HPV-DNA PCR testing in men.
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    Evaluating the utility of the AF Genital System test for pathogen diagnosis in acute male urethritis
    (WILEY, 2022) Sarıer, Mehmet; Sepin, Nevgun; Emek, Mestan; Germen, Aysegul Tezcan; Hoscan, Mustafa Burak; Konuk, Elcin; Turgut, Hasan
    This study evaluated the effectiveness of the A.F. Genital System (Liofilchem®, Italy) in detecting pathogens compared with multiplex real- time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in men with acute urethritis. Men diagnosed as having acute urethritis between 1 April 2021 and 31 December 2021 were included. Urethral swab samples were ob-tained for A.F. Genital System and PCR testing in a randomly determined order. The efficacy of the A.F. Genital System was analysed by comparing the results of the two tests. The study included 83 patients (mean age 34.1 ± 11.3 years). A urethritis patho-gen was detected in 69 patients (83.1%) by PCR and only 15 patients (18.1%) with the A.F. Genital System. The sensitivity of the A.F. Genital System in detecting acute urethritis pathogens was 21.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.6– 32.8), and the specificity was 100% (95% CI: 78.5– 100). Its sensitivity was 20% (95% CI: 7.1– 45.2) in the diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis and 19.1% (95% CI: 11.2– 30.4) in the diagnosis of non- gonococcal urethritis. PCR detected two or more urethritis pathogens in 9 patients (13.0%), while no polymicrobial infection was detected with the A.F. Genital System. Based on the results of multiplex real- time PCR, the A.F. Genital System had very low sensitivity in the detection of pathogens in acute male urethritis. It should be kept in mind that using this test in patients with acute urethritis may result in a high missed diagnosis rate for urethritis pathogens.