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    Effect of intake port design modifications on diesel engine characteristics fuelled by pine oil-diesel blends
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2022) Malaiperumal, Vikneswaran; Saravanan, Chidambaram Ganapathy; Raman, Vallinayagam; Kirubagaran, Raj Kiran; Pandiarajan, Premkumar; Sonthalia, Ankit; Varuvel, Edwin Geo
    The effect of the modified intake port with various inclined nozzle angles such as 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees on the diesel engine characteristics when operated with pine oil-diesel blends is investigated. Prior to the engine experimental study, a computational analysis was performed to investigate the impact produced on the flow field parameters of an engine due to modified intake port design. The numerical study revealed increased swirl velocity and turbulence for intake port with a 60 degrees single-pass configuration compared to other design configurations. With evidence of improved swirl velocity and the proposed modified intake port design from the numerical study, an experimental investigation was performed using pine oil blends in the diesel engine with modified intake port configurations. The preliminary engine test findings with standard intake port design indicated that P50 (50% pine oil + 50% diesel) has higher peak engine cylinder pressure and heat release rates than P10 (10% pine oil + 90% diesel). Additionally, the 60 degrees single-pass configuration showed further increase in peak pressure and peak heat release followed by standard and other intake port design configurations. At high load, the P50 blend showed a 12.3% increase in BTE for 60 degrees intake port design configuration in comparison to the standard design configuration. While for the same blend, the engine out emissions like hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke were reduced by about 6.6% and 17.6%, respectively, and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission was increased by 29% for the 60 degrees single-pass configuration when compared to the standard design configuration. Overall, the intended intake port design modification strategy increased the swirl velocity and turbulence, which improved the air/fuel mixing and combustion. This study identifies 60 degrees single-pass configuration as an optimum design on account of the aforementioned improved engine combustion, performance, and emissions.
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    Experimental study of droplet combustion and diesel engine characteristics for azolla biodiesel
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2022) Ganapathy, Saravanan Chidambaram; Seshadri, Thiruvenkatachari; Jayaraman, Sasikala; Raman, Vallinayagam; Malaiperumal, Vikneswaran; Varuvel, Edwin Geo; Joseph Shobana Bai, Femilda Josephin
    This study pertains to studying the feasibility of the third-generation biodiesel obtained from one of the algae species known as Azolla microphylla by exploring their fundamental droplet combustion behavior and diesel engine characteristics. Firstly, the droplet evolution and burn rate are investigated for diesel, Azolla100, and Azolla50 (50% biodiesel +50% diesel) based on the experimental study of suspended droplet combustion. The diesel droplet showed steady combustion with linear regression for the decrease in droplet surface with time throughout its lifetime, while the Azolla100 and Azolla50 droplets showed a linear trend initially, and after a certain point, they resulted in a non-linear trend as a result of disruptive burning. The evaporation and burn rate was found to be higher for Azolla100 and Azolla50 than diesel during the steady burning period and thereafter it decreased with increasing Azolla concentration. The time evolution of droplet combustion images indicated that with increasing biodiesel concentration, the combustion duration was decreased due to secondary droplet ejections and microexplosion, and the residue burning duration was increased. The microexplosion increased the rate of combustion, however, droplet ejection resulted in incomplete combustion. Secondly, the engine experiments were performed for Azolla50 at different fuel injection pressures. The results showed that in-cylinder pressure and Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for Azolla50 at 300 bar injection pressure were lower than diesel due to limitations with the physical properties of biodiesel. In order to improve the engine characteristics of Azolla50, this study increased the fuel injection pressure to 900 bar. As a result, the BTE for Azolla50 at 900 bar injection pressure is improved by 9.2% and 10.2% at low and full load conditions, respectively, compared to Azolla50 at 300 bar injection pressure. Overall, the spray-driven combustion for Azolla50 is limited by the physical properties of the biodiesel, which affects the mixture formation. On the other hand, the microexplosion and droplet ejection observed with the biodiesel during the combustion study would favor the combustion by improving the atomization and mixing process.