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  • Küçük Resim
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    The effect of chewing gum on dry mouth, interdialytic weight gain, and intradialytic symptoms: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
    (2021) Özen, Nurten; Sayılan, Aylin Aydın; Mut, Dilek; Sayılan, Samet; Avcıoğlu, Zeynep; Kulakaç, Nursen; Ecder, Tevfik; Akyolcu, Neriman
    Introduction: The major salivary glands can be stimulated by chewing gum to increase saliva flow and decrease xerostomia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chewing gum on dry mouth, interdialytic weight gain, and intradialytic symptoms in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled single-blind study was conducted with patients who had been treated for at least 6 months with sessions 3 days a week for 4 hours at two HD units. Patients were randomly allocated to chewing gum group or the control group. In the chewing gum group, gum was chewed for 10 minutes six times a day, and when the patients felt mouth dryness or were thirsty. In the nonchewing gum group, gum was not chewed. The patients were followed-up for 3 months. A total of three saliva samples were taken before starting treatment at the first, 12th, and 36th HD session. Data were collected with the "Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)," "Hemodialysis Patients Fluid Control Scale," "Dialysis Symptom Index," and "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Findings: The study was completed with a total of 44 patients consisting of 22 patients in the each group. The second and third month VAS values (xerostomia) of the patients in the chewing gum groups were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, respectively). The third month salivary flow rate in the chewing gum group was higher than the values in the control group patients (P < 0.001). Discussion: It is anticipated that this study will raise nurses' awareness of dry mouth and encourage future studies on interventions to increase the salivary flow rate to prevent or treat dry mouth.
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    Uremic pruritus and associated factors in hemodialysis patients: a multi-center study
    (Korean Soc Nephrology, 2018) Ozen, Nurten; Cinar, Fatma Ilknur; Askin, Dilek; Mut, Dilek
    Background: Uremic pruritus is a common and disturbing problem in hemodialysis patients. Although its pathogenesis is not completely understood, it is thought to be multifactorial. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 249 patients from four dialysis centers were included in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire, the visual analogue scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We investigated whether socio-demographic and biochemical parameters were correlated to uremic pruritus. Results: Pruritus was present in 53.4% of the hemodialysis patients. The mean visual analogue scale severity was 6.47 +/- 1.56. Patients with white blood cell (WBC) counts > 6.7 x 10(3)/mu L had 1.73 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.360-2.888; P = 0.036) more pruritus than did those with WBC counts < 6.7 x 10(3)/mu L. Patients with dry skin were 0.2 times (95% CI, 0.070-0.182; P = 0.028) more likely to suffer from very severe pruritus than were those with normal skin. Conclusion: Uremic pruritus remains a serious problem in dialysis patients. The WBC level and presence of dry skin are thought to be among its causes. Therefore, data regarding the possible risk factors of uremic pruritus must be followed closely in patients at risk.