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    Antiviral Properties of 5-Sulfamoyl-1H-Indole-Linked Spirothiazolidinone Derivatives: A Study on Human Parainfluenza Virus-2
    (Marmara Univ, 2024) Trawally, Muhammed; Yilmaz, Fatima Nur; Ozbek Celik, Berna; Akdemir, Atilla; Guzel Akdemir, Ozlen
    Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are responsible for a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, particularly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. This paper presents a study regarding the antiviral activity of a series of 3-phenyl-5-sulfamoyl-N-(7/8/9-(non)substituted-3-oxo-1-thia-4- azaspiro[4.4]non/[4.5]dec-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives against HPIV-2. Our findings suggest the compounds displayed low potency against HPIV-2. Compounds 4 and 8 exhibited the most potent antiviral effects with inhibition of 95.46 and 90.90 % at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Molecular modeling studies were conducted on hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, a crucial druggable target for HPIV, to predict the binding modes of the compounds.