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Öğe Characterisation of probiotic properties of yeast strains isolated from kefir samples(WILEY, 2021) Göktaş, Hamza; Dikmen, Hilal; Demirbas, Fatmanur; Sagdic, Osman; Dertli, EnesThis study aimed to isolate and identify yeast species from kefir samples and to determine their probiotic characteristics in comparison with commercial probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. The microbial flora of traditional kefir samples were dominated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Kefir isolates demonstrated higher auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity and antioxidant properties compared to S. boulardii although S. boulardii demonstrated the highest survival rate under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion conditions followed by two kefir yeasts K. marxianus and Kazachstania unispora. Importantly, kefir isolates revealed strong antifungal activities against mould species except Penicillium roqueforti. These findings suggest probiotic and functional roles of yeast strains isolated from traditional kefir samples.Öğe A functional bread produced by supplementing wheat flour with high ?-glucan hull-less barley flour(Wiley, 2024) Koksel, Hamit; Cetiner, Buket; Ozkan, Kubra; Tekin-Cakmak, Zeynep Hazal; Sagdic, Osman; Sestili, Francesco; Jilal, AbderrazekBackground and ObjectivesHigh beta-glucan hull-less barley (cv. Chifaa) was used in functional bread production. Its technological and nutritional properties were compared with the one produced from bread wheat flour.FindingsIncreasing levels of whole barley flour supplementation resulted in consistent increases in the Farinograph water absorption due to the high hydration capacity of beta-glucan in barley flour. Increasing whole barley flour supplementation levels had significant deteriorative effects on all of the bread quality characteristics probably due to dilution of gluten proteins. On the contrary, the mineral, beta-glucan, and phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of breads supplemented with Chifaa were significantly higher than those of the bread produced from bread wheat.ConclusionThe glycemic index (GI) of the bread supplemented with 60% barley flour (66.4) was medium while the GI of the 45% barley flour-supplemented bread (70.1) was very close to the limit value of the medium GI. The lower GI of the barley flour-supplemented breads might be attributed to their higher beta-glucan contents. The results indicated that 3 g of beta-glucan can be provided from barley flour-supplemented bread (at 45% and 60%), which is the limit to bear health claim.Significance and NoveltyThe results of the present study indicated that high beta-glucan hull-less barley can be used to produce functional breads with better nutritional properties. The findings of this study may provide insights that can contribute to the studies on functional foods.Öğe High-beta-glucan and low-glycemic index functional bulgur produced from high-beta-glucan barley(Elsevier, 2024) Tekin-Cakmak, Zeynep Hazal; Ozer, Cagla; Ozkan, Kubra; Yildirim, Halide; Sestili, Francesco; Jilal, Abderrazek; Sagdic, OsmanA high beta-glucan hull-less barley (cv. Chifaa) was used in bulgur production and its technological and nutritional properties were compared with bulgurs of another hull-less barley and durum wheat. Although Chifaa bulgur had longer cooking time (9.5 min) which is expected to have an increasing effect on total organic matter (TOM), it had lower TOM (1.31 g/100 g) than the durum bulgur. The phenolics of barleys were significantly higher than those of Kiziltan wheat. The amounts of total phenolic contents decreased after bulgur production. While glycemic index (GI) of durum bulgur was high, GI of barley bulgurs were medium probably due to their higher beta-glucan contents. The GI of Chifaa (56.25) is very close to the limit value of low GI foods (56). The limit to bear the health claim is 3 g of beta-glucans/serving. The results indicated that this can be provided per serving of high beta-glucan barley bulgur.Öğe A New Functional Wheat Flour Flatbread (Bazlama) Enriched with High-?-Glucan Hull-Less Barley Flour(Mdpi, 2024) Koksel, Hamit; Tekin-Cakmak, Zeynep Hazal; Oruc, Sena; Kilic, Gozde; Ozkan, Kubra; Cetiner, Buket; Sagdic, OsmanAlthough the Med-Diet is a healthy diet model, it is affected by current dietary habits. Therefore, new foods with improved nutritional value should be developed to respond to the needs of people following the Med-Diet. This study was focused on developing high-beta-glucan flat bread (bazlama) with a relatively lower GI. A bread wheat (cv. Tosunbey) flour was enriched with the flour of a high-beta-glucan-content hull-less barley (cv. Chifaa) flour (15, 30, 45 and 60%) to develop a functional bazlama. The nutritional and technological properties of bazlama samples enriched with barley flour were compared with the ones produced from bread wheat. All of the barley flour-enriched bazlama samples had higher yellowness values (b*) than the control (both crumb and crust), which is generally preferred by the consumers. Texture results indicated that bazlama samples became harder with the increase in barley flour supplementation level. The results showed that 3 g of beta-glucan can be provided from the barley flour-enriched bazlama samples (at 45 and 60% levels), and this is the limit to carry health claims. The bazlama samples enriched with barley flour were richer in Mg, K, Mn, Fe, and Zn minerals than the control (100% Tosunbey flour). While the glycemic index (GI) of commercial bread wheat and Tosunbey bazlama samples were high (88.60% and 79.20%, respectively), GI values of the bazlama samples enriched with 60% (64.73) and 45% barley flour (68.65) were medium. The lower GI values of barley flour-enriched bazlama samples are probably due to the higher beta-glucan contents of the bazlama samples. Additionally, as the barley flour supplementation level of the bazlama samples increased, the phenolics and antioxidant capacities of free and bound extracts increased compared to bread wheat bazlama. The results indicated that hull-less barley (cv. Chifaa) with high beta-glucan content may be utilized at relatively higher levels (45 and 60%) to produce bazlama with improved nutritional properties.Öğe Quality, Nutritional Properties, and Glycemic Index of Colored Whole Wheat Breads(Mdpi, 2023) Koksel, Hamit; Cetiner, Buket; Shamanin, Vladimir P.; Tekin-Cakmak, Z. Hazal; Pototskaya, Inna V.; Kahraman, Kevser; Sagdic, OsmanThe main aim of this study was to investigate the quality and nutritional properties (dietary fiber, phenolic, antioxidant contents, and glycemic index) of breads made from whole wheat flours of colored wheats. White (cultivar Agronomicheskaya 5), red (Element 22), purple (EF 22 and Purple 8), and blue (Blue 10) colored wheats were used in the study. The whole wheat flours of Blue 10 and Purple 8 had higher farinograph stability, lower softening degree, and higher quality numbers indicating that they had better rheological properties. Bread produced from whole wheat flour of blue-colored grain had significantly higher loaf volume and better symmetry, crust color, crumb cell structure, and softness values among others (p < 0.05). The whole wheat bread produced using Element 22 had the highest crust and crumb L* color values, while Purple 8 and EF 22 had the lowest crust and crumb L* color values, suggesting that purple-colored grains have a tendency to make whole wheat bread with darker crust and crumb color. Bread produced from cultivar Blue 10 had the lowest firmness values while Element 22 had the highest firmness values. The highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values were obtained from the whole wheat bread sample from purple-colored wheat (Purple 8). The whole wheat flour of Element 22 had the highest total dietary fiber content among all samples (p < 0.05). The differences between whole wheat bread samples in terms of total dietary fiber and glycemic index were not statistically significant. The results of the present study indicated that colored wheats can be used to produce whole wheat breads with higher nutritional properties and acceptable quality characteristics.Öğe Using paprika extract in chocolate spread and white compound chocolate: effects on color stability and bioavailability(Springer, 2023) Goktas, Hamza; Baycar, Abdullah; Konar, Nevzat; Yaman, Mustafa; Sagdic, OsmanWhite compound chocolate (CC) and chocolate spread (CS) do not contain cocoa solids and thus they have deficiency of antioxidant activity. So, paprika extract (PE) was used to develop the visual and functional features of compound chocolate (CC) and chocolate spread (CS). Color stability of both chocolate samples was investigated for 12 weeks under accelerated shelf-life conditions and using PE significantly increased + a*, C*, and h degrees values of chocolate samples (P < 0.05). Also, at the end of shelf life, Delta E values were determined as > 2.83 and > 3.74 for CC and CS samples, respectively. Using PE in the production of CC and CS samples significantly increased antioxidant activity for pre-and post in vitro digestion, except for post digestion of S025 samples (P < 0.05). General acceptability of the CS samples decreased with increasing of PE ratios, for CC samples it was increased except for C100. The results showed that PE can be used in the production of functional chocolate with high antioxidant activity and as a natural coloring agent.
