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Exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer progression and diagnosis
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2023) Raesi, R.; Saghari, S.; Bassiri, F.; Motahhary, M.; Salimimoghadam, S.; Coskun, A.; Zarrabi A.
One of the diseases affecting and threatening the survival of human life is cancer. Cancer originates from a variety of factors and underlying mechanisms including environmental factors, exposure to toxic chemicals, lifestyle, inactivity, alteration in gene expression, and epigenetic changes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules with covalently closed loop structure and demonstrate high stability due to the resistance to RNase enzymes. They have more expression compared to linear RNA molecules and are potential biomarkers in cancer. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by different cells such as tumor cells, normal cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts that contain proteins, lipid and RNA molecules, and even DNA fragments. Dysregulation of circRNAs has been implicated in disease pathogenesis, especially cancer development and initiation. This chapter demonstrates the role of exosomal circRNAs in affecting the growth and invasion of tumor cells, and they can also be used as diagnostic and prognostic factors in cancer. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.