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Öğe Applications of Preferential Voting in Industry and Society(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.Preferential voting models as well as hybrid Multi-Attribute Decision Making methods based on these models are widely used as decision support tools in industry and society. In this chapter, the applications that have been presented so far in the industry and society of these models and methods are briefly stated. It should be noted that the application of preferential voting models and hybrid MADM methods presented based on them are not exclusive to the presented cases and the authors hope that this application will be expanded in the future. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Basic Concepts of Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.The problem of “election” using the aggregation of voters’ votes is one of the most important problems of group decision-making for which several models have been presented so far. Consider a group of people who need to make a group decision based on voters’ votes. Given that people have different opinions and tastes, how can they make a decision that includes all individual opinions? From such a simple issue to the choice of politicians, all of them require a collective decision. In this chapter, this concept and methods of aggregating individual votes to reach a collective decision are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Group Preferential Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.What increases the power of a decision-making method as a decision support tool is the degree of satisfaction of its results. In many real-world issues, voters do not have an equal level of expertise. Since the classic voting models consider equal value for the votes of all the voters, it cannot give satisfactory results. This will reduce the power of preferential voting methods. In this chapter, group preferential voting methods are presented to handle the difference in the value of votes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Hybrid Multi-attribute Decision-Making Methods Based on Preferential Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.In addition to the direct application of preferential voting models in a voting process, these models can be combined with other Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods to improve them and achieve new hybrid models. In this chapter, some hybrid MADM methods based on preferential voting models are presented. New hybrid models with the help of preferential voting models have become more powerful tools for decision support. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Introduction to Data Envelopment Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.Efficiency is a management concept that has a long history in management science. Efficiency shows that an organization has used its resources in a good way in order to produce the best performance at a point in time. One of the appropriate and efficient tools in the field of efficiency measurement and evaluation is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is used as a non-parametric method to calculate the efficiency of decision-making units. In fact, DEA is based on a series of optimizations using linear programming, which is used to evaluate the efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) that have multiple inputs and multiple outputs. This method is based on an optimistic policy that can evaluate DMUs in the best conditions. In this chapter, the basic methods and basic principles of DEA are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Introduction to Fuzzy Logic(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.In real world, we sometimes face situations where we don’t know which decision is right or wrong, and the correct action is hidden from view. At this time, “fuzzy logic” offers a flexible and valuable proposition. In this way, the amount of uncertainty can be determined for each situation. For this reason, fuzzy logic is sometimes called doubtful logic because its results are created with doubts. In this chapter, this logic begins with the presentation of fuzzy sets and continues with the definitions of fuzzy numbers. Finally, one of the applications of fuzzy numbers, i.e. converting linguistic terms into fuzzy numbers for decision making in fuzzy logic, is presented. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Preferential Voting Based on Data Envelopment Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.Voting is always considered as one of the best group decision making methods in decision science. How voters’ votes are aggregated in the preferential voting process has a direct impact on the final voting results and is a very important issue. In this chapter, a suitable voting model is presented using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which makes the voting results more justified and logical. The use of weight restrictions and the use of the concept of discrimination intensity functions increase the interaction with the decision maker in the presented model and turn the model into a powerful tool for decision support. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Preferential Voting Based on the Logic of Uncertainty(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.Considering the logic of uncertainty in operations research methods usually makes the results of these methods more justified. In this chapter, the preferential voting model with fuzzy logic is presented. Linguistic term is used in this model. In addition to presenting the application of the presented model, the presented fuzzy preferential voting model will also be used to present a hybrid method of fuzzy multi-attribute decision making. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Preferential Voting Based on Undesirable Voters(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.The idea that voters are divided into desirable and undesirable categories, and desirable category votes have a positive effect and undesirable category votes have a negative effect on candidate evaluation is a theory that may not seem very logical at first glance. But proposing this theory and presenting models for handling the preferential voting process in the presence of desirable and undesirable voters will eventually lead to the proposal of a method to solve MADM problems, which has many advantages. In this chapter, preferential voting and group preferential voting in the presence of desirable and undesirable voters are examined and models for handling such voters are presented. Then, using the presented models, a MADM method will be presented to determine the weights of alternatives and criteria, where there is no need to change the nature of the criteria in the process of normalizing the decision matrix. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Ranking Models in Preferential Voting(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Soltanifar, M.; Sharafi, H.; Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.; Pedrycz, W.; Allahviranloo, T.Vote aggregation models in preferential voting that use DEA policy use an optimistic view in candidate evaluation. This increases the number of efficient candidates. Basic models do not allow discrimination between efficient candidates. Therefore, researchers presented ranking models from different perspectives. Some of these models focus on vote structure and some on weight restrictions. In this chapter, some of these models and ideas are presented. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
