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    Efficiency analysis and CO2 emission reduction strategies in the US forest sector: a data envelopment analysis approach
    (Springer, 2024) Amirteimoori, Alireza; Zadmirzaei, Majid; Susaeta, Andres; Amirteimoori, Arash
    Industrial economic activities produce pollutants and environmentally sustainable production systems in forestry aim to minimize these undesirable outputs while maintaining high production and economic growth. In this contribution, we assume that in addition to plot-specific inputs and outputs, there are some contextual variables that may be exogenously fixed or may be under the control of the decision-makers. In this sense, we first propose a novel and practical approach to calculate environmental efficiency by reducing undesirable products. Then, we utilize an inverse data envelopment analysis (IDEA) model to effectively manage and reduce CO2 emissions. In doing so, the applied models have been utilized to evaluate the efficiencies of 89 forest plots in the USA. Given our estimations in a real application to the forest plots, the study revealed that the average environmental efficiency score is nearly 0.75 (out of 1). However, there is potential for improvement by adjusting the impacts of contextual factors, which could raise the score to approximately 0.8. Furthermore, the analysis indicates a positive correlation between ownership and environmental efficiency, suggesting that increased ownership leads to higher environmental efficiency. Conversely, temperature exhibits a negative correlation with environmental efficiency. Finally, the results obtained from the IDEA indicate that in order to reduce undesirable outputs by a specific level of 5-10%, it is necessary to decrease other inputs and outputs. This is because, under the assumption of weak disposability, reducing the level of undesirable outputs requires a reduction in certain factors that influence production capacity. In other words, achieving the desired reduction in undesirable outputs inevitably involves diminishing certain aspects of the production process. As the major conclusion, the emergence of IDEA as a powerful tool for sensitivity analysis, along with its flexible nature, offers exciting opportunities for research and practical applications in various fields, including forestry activities. It has the potential to enhance overall environmental efficiency and enable better control over GHG emissions levels.
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    Managerial ability and productivity growth in the European forest sector
    (Springer, 2023) Amirteimoori, Alireza; Banker, Rajiv D.; Zadmirzaei, Majid; Susaeta, Andres
    This paper aims to examine how the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique can be applied to evaluate managerial ability and productivity growth for 29 European forest sectors over the period 2011-2020. Toward this end, we first applied DEA to evaluate the technical efficiency (TE) from both periodical-frontier and met-frontier perspectives in which results showed that the average TE was 0.645 and the annual operating efficiency of the years studied was reduced by 35%. A modified regression test is secondly developed in order to determine the effect of contextual variables on the log of TE. The findings showed that the regional density, time series and gross domestic product had the highest positive influence on improving the TE results, respectively. In the following, by considering the explanatory variables, a modified DEA-based Malmquist productivity index is used to calculate the productivity growth over the period 2011-2020. The results indicated that there was a decline of 12% for total factor productivity in 2019-2020 compared to 2014-2015 and 7% compared to 2015-2016 which is due to the uniform growth of technological change (TC) and efficiency change recession compared to previous periods. Hence, productivity growth is mainly due to frontier shift (TC).