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    A realistic analysis of hydrogen production based on flare gas considering life cycle assessment
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kabeh, Kaveh Zayer; Teimouri, Aidin; Changizian, Sina; Ahmadi, P.
    Among the different methods for flare gas recovery, the comprehensive evaluation of hydrogen production has yet to be studied. The techno-economic evaluation and life cycle assessment of using flare gas to produce hydrogen are performed in this study. The Aspen HYSYS software is used to simulate the different units of hydrogen production, and the economic assessment is performed to calculate the hydrogen production expen-ditures. The results illustrated that the mass flow rate and the capacity of the hydrogen production plant are 117600 kg/h and 4856.4 MW, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the hydrogen production costs can be considered reasonable using flare gas with a low price and large flow rate. In this regard, the breakeven price of hydrogen is US$ 0.27, and the share of Capital expenditure in hydrogen production cost is 55.4%, as well. Moreover, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of hydrogen production has been conducted to evaluate the environmental effects of hydrogen production. Thanks to the novel CO2 capturing process considered in this study, GHG and CO2 productions have been reduced, respectively, by 59 and 63 percent, demonstrating the necessity of using the CO2 capturing process.
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    Techno-economic assessment of small-scale gas to liquid technology to reduce waste flare gas in a refinery plant
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Zayer Kabeh, Kaveh; Teimouri, Aidin; Changizian, Sina; Ahmadi, Pouria
    The dissemination of toxic substances to the atmosphere and wasting energy by flaring are important challenges for natural gas facilities, and small-scale gas to liquid (GTL) technology can be used as an efficient method to reduce flaring. In this study, a validated model for technical simulation and variable sales prices of GTL products in five different scenarios are used to perform an accurate, comprehensive, and realistic techno-economic assessment of this technology to reduce flaring in the natural gas refinery. The detailed model of gas sweetening, syngas generation and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) units have been simulated in the Aspen HYSYS software. The technical results illustrate that the capacity of this plant is 686 barrels per day, and the main products of this plant are diesel and propane. The results demonstrate the economic feasibility of a small-scale GTL plant in all economic conditions unless oil prices decrease significantly in the following years. Based on the obtained results, rising oil price increases the simulated plant's internal rate of return (IRR) to 39.99%. Finally, the sensitivity analysis results indicate that the profitability of this plant can be guaranteed with low oil prices by reducing CapEx to US$ 50,000 per barrel. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd