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    Near real-time spatial prediction of earthquake-triggered landslides based on global inventories from 2008 to 2022
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Zhang, Aomei; Wang, Xianmin; Pedrycz, Witold; Yang, Qiyuan; Wang, Xuewen; Guo, Haixiang
    Near real-time prediction of earthquake-triggered landslides can rapidly forecast the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides just after a great earthquake, and provide effective support for emergency response. However, the prediction of earthquake-triggered landslides has always been a great challenge because of low accuracy and high false alarms. This work proposes a novel fuzzy deep learning (FuDL) model for near real-time earthquake-triggered landslide spatial prediction. Fuzzy learning theory is for the first time employed in earthquake-triggered landslide prediction. The FuDL has high generalization and robustness, effectively improving the accuracy of earthquake-triggered landslide prediction. Eighteen earthquake-triggered landslide inventories worldwide from 2008 to 2022 are employed to conduct ETL prediction. According to the chronological order, 15 earthquake-triggered landslides from 2008 to 2018 are adopted to train the FuDL model, and 3 earthquake-triggered landslides from 2019 to 2022 are utilized for near real-time earthquake-triggered landslide prediction. Furthermore, this work reveals that ground movement, relatively steep and high topography, and strong seismic intensity are critical factors affecting the spatial distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides. In addition, this work conducted a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of earthquake-triggered landslides on a global scale. © 2024
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    Optimal Granularity of Machine Learning Models: A Perspective of Granular Computing
    (Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2024) Pedrycz, Witold; Wang, Xianmin
    Designing machine learning models followed by their deployment in a real-world environment has been an area of recent pursuits, resulting in a large number of successful applications. In particular, these applications target environments that call for a great deal of autonomy and criticality of the developed constructs and ensuing decision processes. An efficient design, carefully structured advanced architecture, high performance, and efficient learning methods are of paramount importance. Equally desired is the confidence of any result produced by the numeric model. In this study, we advocate that the associated information granularity of the numeric models and their results inherently link with the notion of specificity of information granularity. The confidence of results can be quantified in the form of an information granule where the two associated criteria of granular outcomes, such as coverage and specificity, are crucial to the holistic evaluation of the granularity of the results. It is shown that these two characteristics are conflicting and their quality becomes evaluated and optimized. Two main approaches are studied in depth. The first one concerns a granular embedding of numeric models. In the second one, we consider a synergistic environment of Gaussian process models whose results come as probabilistic information granules and can be transformed into interval information granules. An interesting architecture of a rule-based model constructed with the use of innovative clustering takes into account the generative-discriminative aspect of the process of structure discovery, which is accomplished through the optimization of some augmented objective functions. This model is investigated with regard to the two approaches to the design of the mechanism of granular assessment of results. Some illustrative examples are covered to show the essentials of the design process.