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Öğe AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation(Elsevier, 2022) Entezari, M.; Hashemi, D.; Taheriazam, A.; Zabolian, A.; Zabolian, A.; Fakhri, F.; Hashemi, M.; Hushmandi, K.; Ashrafizadeh, M.; Zarrabi, A.; Ertas, Y.N.; Mirzaei, S.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as a main challenge in both developing and developed countries, as lifestyle has changed and its management seems to be vital. Type I and type II diabetes are the main kinds and they result in hyperglycemia in patients and related complications. The gene expression alteration can lead to development of DM and related complications. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor with aberrant expression in various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and DM. The present review focuses on understanding AMPK role in DM. Inducing AMPK signaling promotes glucose in DM that is of importance for ameliorating hyperglycemia. Further investigation reveals the role of AMPK signaling in enhancing insulin sensitivity for treatment of diabetic patients. Furthermore, AMPK upregulation inhibits stress and cell death in ? cells that is of importance for preventing type I diabetes development. The clinical studies on diabetic patients have shown the role of AMPK signaling in improving diabetic complications such as brain disorders. Furthermore, AMPK can improve neuropathy, nephropathy, liver diseases and reproductive alterations occurring during DM. For exerting such protective impacts, AMPK signaling interacts with other molecular pathways such as PGC-1?, PI3K/Akt, NOX4 and NF-?B among others. Therefore, providing therapeutics based on AMPK targeting can be beneficial for amelioration of DM.Öğe Antineoplastic activity of biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles to combat leukemia: Beginning a new era in cancer theragnostic(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Mostafavi, E.; Zarepour, A.; Barabadi, H.; Zarrabi, A.; Truong, L.B.; Medina-Cruz, D.The American Cancer Society estimated around 61,090 new cases of leukemia were diagnosed, and around 23,660 people died from this disease in the United States alone in 2021. Due to its burden on society, there is an unmet need to explore innovative approaches to overcome leukemia. Among different strategies that have been explored, nanotechnology appears to be a promising and effective approach for therapeutics. Specifically, biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention for their antineoplastic activity toward leukemia cancer cells due to their unique physicochemical properties. Indeed, these nanostructures have emerged as useful approaches in anti-leukemic applications, either as carriers to enhance drug bioavailability and its targeted delivery to a specific organ or as a novel therapeutic agent. This review explores recent advances in green synthesized nanomaterials and their potential use against leukemia, especially focusing on silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanostructures. In detail, we have reviewed various eco-friendly methods of bio-synthesized NPs, their analytical properties, and toxicity effects against leukemic models. This overview confirms the satisfactory potency of biogenic NPs toward leukemic cells and desirable safety profiles against human native cells, which opens a promising door toward commercializing these types of nontherapeutic agents if challenges involve clinical validations, reproducibility, and scalability could be resolved. © 2022Öğe Biological applications of green bionanomaterials: diagnosis applications(Elsevier, 2023) Zarrabi, A.Green synthesized nanomaterials are widely used in the biomedical fields, such as diagnosis and therapy, due to their improved biocompatibility even at high concentrations and after a long incubation time. In this chapter, nanomaterial-mediated diagnosis using green nanomaterials in both bioimaging and biosensing application field is discussed. Among the green synthesized nanomaterials that are discussed in this chapter, metals and metal oxide nanoparticles such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and magnetic nanoparticles such as iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are shown to be very promising in bioimaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). In addition to bioimaging, biosensors developed with green synthesized nanomaterials, which are used for diagnostic purposes, are also addressed. It is concluded that nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and some metal oxides including ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles could be employed for sensing analytes such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and lactose using techniques such as electrochemistry. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Characterization and optical properties of mechanochemically synthesized molybdenum-doped rutile nanoparticles and their electronic structure studies by density functional theory(Elsevier, 2022) Maleki-Ghaleh, H.; Shakeri, M.S.; Dargahi, Z.; Kavanlouei, M.; Kaveh Garabagh, H.; Moradpur-Tari, E.; Yourdkhani, A.; Fallah, A.; Zarrabi, A.; Koc, B.; Siadati, M.H.The optical and electronic properties of molybdenum (Mo) doped rutile TiO2 prepared by the mechanochemical method were studied both experimentally and using density functional theory (DFT). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDS-MAP, and XPS. The XRD results showed the successful incorporation of Mo in the rutile crystal lattice. High-resolution TEM images illustrated a decreasing trend in the (110) d-spacing for samples doped up to 3 at%. The shift toward higher binding energies in the XPS spectra was due to the higher oxidization tendencies of Mo5+ and Mo6+ substituted in Ti4+ sites. The optical behavior of samples was examined by UV–Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The bandgap energy value of rutile was reduced from 3.0 eV to 2.4 eV by 2 at% Mo doping. The DFT calculations showed a reduction of bandgap energy value of rutile to 2.35 eV with 2 at% Mo, which is in harmony with the experimental results. The creation of energy states below the conduction band because of Mo doping was identified as the reason for reducing the bandgap energy and photoluminescence emission of rutile. © 2022 Elsevier LtdÖğe The effect of surface chemistry on anti-soiling properties of transparent perfluoroalkyl and alkyl modified silica coatings(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Taheri, S.; Motlagh, F.H.; Dehestanizad, S.; Yahyaei, H.; Motallebzadeh, A.; Zarrabi, A.; Tehrani, A.G.; Khodabakhsh, M.; Makki, H.Various physical and chemical surface parameters, e.g., surface roughness and surface chemistry, contribute to anti-soiling (AS) properties. Nevertheless, the effect of surface chemistry has not been distinctly elucidated yet. In this study, a set of mechanically stable and durable hydrophobic AS coatings with controlled surface chemistry were synthesized, while surface roughness was kept below 1 nm. Fluoroalkylsilane (FAS), alkylsilane (AL), and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were employed for synthesis. Surface chemistry and surface roughness were quantified by XPS and AFM. A soiling lab simulator was designed to accelerate the soiling process. AS properties were quantified by UV–vis spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The surface free energy of coatings was estimated through (polar and apolar liquids) contact angle measurements (ranging from 16 to 30 mN/m), and a clear correlation was discovered between the AS properties and surface free energy. Moreover, mechanical properties and weathering resistance of the coatings were analyzed by nano-indentation and QUV accelerated weathering tester. While all coatings showed acceptable AS properties (transmission loss after dust deposition between 1/5 and 2/5 of uncoated glass) and excellent mechanical strength (above 27 GPa modulus and 2 GPa hardness), FAS-based coatings showed a significantly higher durability against weathering as compared to the AL-based ones. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.Öğe The impact of nanomaterials on autophagy across health and disease conditions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Florance, I.; Cordani, M.; Pashootan, P.; Moosavi, M.A.; Zarrabi, A.; Chandrasekaran, N.Autophagy, a catabolic process integral to cellular homeostasis, is constitutively active under physiological and stress conditions. The role of autophagy as a cellular defense response becomes particularly evident upon exposure to nanomaterials (NMs), especially environmental nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoplastics (nPs). This has positioned autophagy modulation at the forefront of nanotechnology-based therapeutic interventions. While NMs can exploit autophagy to enhance therapeutic outcomes, they can also trigger it as a pro-survival response against NP-induced toxicity. Conversely, a heightened autophagy response may also lead to regulated cell death (RCD), in particular autophagic cell death, upon NP exposure. Thus, the relationship between NMs and autophagy exhibits a dual nature with therapeutic and environmental interventions. Recognizing and decoding these intricate patterns are essential for pioneering next-generation autophagy-regulating NMs. This review delves into the present-day therapeutic potential of autophagy-modulating NMs, shedding light on their status in clinical trials, intervention of autophagy in the therapeutic applications of NMs, discusses the potency of autophagy for application as early indicator of NM toxicity. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s) 2024.Öğe Ionic liquid-based materials for electrochemical biosensing(Blackwell Publishing, 2022) Khorsandi, D.; Zarepour, A.; Rezazadeh, I.; Ghomi, M.; Ghanbari, R.; Zarrabi, A.; Esfahani F.T.Due to their interesting features including negligible volatility, ease of designing in the construction, good chemical, and thermal stability, and excellent ionic conductivity, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted a lot of attention to themselves in recent years. They are constructed from asymmetric anions and cations and are found in a liquid state lower than 100°C. Their unique features introduce them as candidates for the application in the structure of different types of electrochemical biosensors, in which they could act as electrolytes, or could be used as detecting agents. According to these features, this review aims to present an overview of the application of ILs in the structure of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Based on this, after a brief description of the ILs and biosensors, the application of ILs in the structure of some of the recent electrochemical biosensors has been discussed and then, remarks and perspectives on these types of biosensors are explained. © 2022 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Discovery published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.Öğe Mesoporous silica@chitosan@gold nanoparticles as “on/off” optical biosensor and pH-sensitive theranostic platform against cancer(Elsevier, 2022) Esmaeili, Y.; Khavani, M.; Bigham, A.; Sanati, A.; Bidram, E.; Zarrabi, A.A cancer nanotheranostic system was fabricated based on mesoporous silica@chitosan@gold (MCM@CS@Au) nanosystem targeted by aptamer toward the MUC-1 positive tumor cells. Subsequently, curcumin as an efficient herbal anticancer drug was first encapsulated into chitosan-triphosphate nanoparticles and then the resulted nanoparticle was loaded into the nanosystem (MCM@CS@Au-Apt). The nanosystem successful fabrication was approved at each synthesis step through FTIR, XRD, BET, DLS, FE-SEM, HRTEM, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Besides, the interaction between aptamer and curcumin was evaluated using full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanism of curcumin release was likewise investigated through different kinetic models. Afterwards, the potential of the designed nanosystem in targeted imaging, and drug delivery was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. It was found that the energy transfer between the base pairs in the hairpin of double strands of DNA aptamer acts as a quencher for MCM@CS@Au fluorescence culminating in an “on/off” optical biosensor. On the other hand, the presence of pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles creates smart nanosystem to deliver more curcumin into the desired cells. Indeed, when the aptamer specifically binds to the MUC-1 receptor, its double strands separate under the low pH condition, leading to the drug release and the recovery of the fluorescence (“On” state). Based on the toxicity results, this nanosystem had more toxicity toward the MUC-1-positive tumor cells than MUC-1-negative cells, representing its selective targeting. Therefore, this nanosystem could be introduced as a smart anticancer nanotheranostic system for tracing particular biomarkers (MUC-1), non-invasive fluorescence imaging, and targeted curcumin delivery. © 2022Öğe MicroRNA-200c overexpression in cancer-associated fibroblasts decreases interleukin-2 secretion(Blackwell Publishing, 2022) Shariati, L.; Vaseghi, G.; Vaziri, N.; Shenavar, N.; Zarrabi, A.; Haghjooy, Javanmard, S.miR-200c-3p is demonstrated to play the role of tumour suppressor in different tumours. However, the miR-200c-3p biological function in normal fibroblast (NF) and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) remains unclear. This investigation aims to study the regulatory role of miR-200c-3p in the secretion of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in CAF and NF. CAFs and NFs were isolated from tumour and normal tissue specimens respectively. Immunocytochemistry was used to confirm the presence of a fibroblast specific marker, alpha-actin smooth muscle, in NFs and CAFs. NF and CAF were transfected with scramble and miR-200c-3p utilizing the lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The protein levels of IL-2 were measured in CAFs, NFs, and transfected groups with miR-200c-3p and scrambled using an IL-2 enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. miR-200c decreased secretion of IL-2 in transfected CAF and NF compared to controls. Results elucidated that transfection of MiR-200c-3p can decrease the IL-2 secretion and consequently reduce IL-induced tumourigenic manner in the CAF. © 2022 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Discovery published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.Öğe Molecular landscape of c-Myc signaling in prostate cancer: A roadmap to clinical translation(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Faskhoudi, M.A.; Molaei, P.; Sadrkhanloo, M.; Orouei, S.; Hashemi, M.; Bokaie, S.; Rashidi, M.; Entezari, M.; Zarrabi, A.; Hushmandi, K.; Mirzaei, S.; Gholami, M.H.The c-Myc signaling is a new emerging target in cancer therapy. Activation of c-Myc signaling leads to cancer growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. The stability of c-Myc can also mediate drug resistance and radioresistance in cancers. The apoptosis inhibition and enhancing cell cycle progression are mediated by c-Myc overexpression. On the other hand, prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and causes high death. The present review focuses on c-Myc signaling in PC. The c-Myc overexpression is in favor of PC growth and migration. Upon c-Myc inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase) occur in PC cells. The c-Myc induces glycolysis in enhancing PC growth. Besides, stability and overexpression of c-Myc can mediate resistance of PC cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The inhibition of c-Myc by both anti-tumor agents and genetic tools suppress PC progression. The miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs and other factors such as PI3K/Akt can act as upstream regulator of c-Myc signaling. The c-Myc can function as independent prognostic and diagnostic factor in PC patients. The c-Myc upregulation is associated with reduced overall survival, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and undesirable prognosis of PC patients. © 2022 Elsevier GmbHÖğe MXene/zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) composites: A perspective on their emerging applications(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Iravani, S.; Zare, E.N.; Zarrabi, A.; Khosravi, A.; Makvandi, P.MXene/zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) composites represent a rapidly growing area of research in the field of energy storage, catalysis, sensing, flexible electronics, microwave/electromagnetic wave absorption, biomedicine, and environmental remediation/water treatment. The integration of MXene and ZIFs in composite materials has led to develop highly sensitive and selective (bio)sensing platforms, enabling advances in biomedicine/healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial safety. MXene/ZIF composites showcase exceptional catalytic activity for a wide range of chemical transformations. Their exceptional adsorption capacity, selectivity, membrane integration, regeneration capabilities, and antibacterial properties make them invaluable assets in tackling water treatment challenges. The combination of MXene's conductivity and ZIF's dielectric properties, along with their unique morphological features, results in enhanced microwave absorption capabilities. Furthermore, while the biomedical applications of MXene/ZIF composites are still in the early stages of exploration, the combination of their unique properties provides a platform for innovative solutions in drug delivery, cancer nanotheranostics, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and biosensing. This article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the research progress in MXene/ZIF composites, focusing on current trends, important challenges, and future perspectives. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-?) in prostate cancer: A dual function mediator?(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Mirzaei, S.; Paskeh, M.D.A.; Saghari, Y.; Zarrabi, A.; Hamblin, M.R.; Entezari, M.; Hashemi, M.; Aref, A.R.; Hushmandi, K.; Kumar, A.P.; Rabiee, N.; Ashrafizadeh, M.Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-?) is a member of a family of secreted cytokines with vital biological functions in cells. The abnormal expression of TGF-? signaling is a common finding in pathological conditions, particularly cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death among men. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations can result in PCa development, and govern its progression. The present review attempts to shed some light on the role of TGF-? signaling in PCa. TGF-? signaling can either stimulate or inhibit proliferation and viability of PCa cells, depending on the context. The metastasis of PCa cells is increased by TGF-? signaling via induction of EMT and MMPs. Furthermore, TGF-? signaling can induce drug resistance of PCa cells, and can lead to immune evasion via reducing the anti-tumor activity of cytotoxic T cells and stimulating regulatory T cells. Upstream mediators such as microRNAs and lncRNAs, can regulate TGF-? signaling in PCa. Furthermore, some pharmacological compounds such as thymoquinone and valproic acid can suppress TGF-? signaling for PCa therapy. TGF-? over-expression is associated with poor prognosis in PCa patients. Furthermore, TGF-? up-regulation before prostatectomy is associated with recurrence of PCa. Overall, current review discusses role of TGF-? signaling in proliferation, metastasis and therapy response of PCa cells and in order to improve knowledge towards its regulation, upstream mediators of TGF-? such as non-coding RNAs are described. Finally, TGF-? regulation and its clinical application are discussed. © 2022
