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Öğe Catalytic and biomedical applications of nanocelluloses: A review of recent developments(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Khorsandi, D.; Jenson, S.; Zarepour, A.; Khosravi, A.; Rabiee, N.; Iravani, S.; Zarrabi A.Nanocelluloses exhibit immense potential in catalytic and biomedical applications. Their unique properties, biocompatibility, and versatility make them valuable in various industries, contributing to advancements in environmental sustainability, catalysis, energy conversion, drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and wound healing/dressings. Nanocellulose-based catalysts can efficiently remove pollutants from contaminated environments, contributing to sustainable and cleaner ecosystems. These materials can also be utilized as drug carriers, enabling targeted and controlled drug release. Their high surface area allows for efficient loading of therapeutic agents, while their biodegradability ensures safer and gradual release within the body. These targeted drug delivery systems enhance the efficacy of treatments and minimizes side effects. Moreover, nanocelluloses can serve as scaffolds in tissue engineering due to their structural integrity and biocompatibility. They provide a three-dimensional framework for cell growth and tissue regeneration, promoting the development of functional and biologically relevant tissues. Nanocellulose-based dressings have shown great promise in wound healing and dressings. Their ability to absorb exudates, maintain a moist environment, and promote cell proliferation and migration accelerates the wound healing process. Herein, the recent advancements pertaining to the catalytic and biomedical applications of nanocelluloses and their composites are deliberated, focusing on important challenges, advantages, limitations, and future prospects. © 2024 The AuthorsÖğe Electrospun nanocarriers for delivering natural products for cancer therapy(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Mohammadinejad R.; Madamsetty V.S.; Kumar A.; Varzandeh M.; Dehshahri A.; Zarrabi A.; Sharififar F.Background: Electrospinning has provided an excellent opportunity to develop nano-sized fibers with a broad range of applications, including nano-drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. This versatile and viable technique involves using various polymer solutions, strong electric fields to generate nanofibers with high surface area, high porosity, abundant pore connectivity, and distinct chemical compositions. On the other hand, natural products-based drugs show excellent results in preclinical settings but fail in a clinical setting due to poor pharmacokinetics, low solubility, high toxicity, and lack of targetability. Due to the remarkable properties of nanofibers, it opened new doors in the nanomedicine field to introduce novel nanofiber-based formulations for natural products delivery applications. Scope and approach: The present review describes the needle-based and needleless methods for the preparation of nanofibers. It summarizes the major application of these methods to formulate mostly investigated natural products in cancer therapy, like taxanes, curcumin, resveratrol, camptothecin, and doxorubicin. In summary, this review may help scientists to develop more efficient natural product-based nanofibers with improved pharmacokinetic properties for the effective treatment of cancer. Key findings and conclusions: Scientists used recent advances in nanotechnology to develop natural products loaded with electrospun nanocarriers to treat cancer therapy. They succeeded in preparing with high encapsulation and sustained slow release of several natural products, including curcumin, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, camptothecin, anthracyclins, etc. These nanocarriers demonstrated vast advantages over other delivery systems, including higher stability and improved bioavailability. Although several reports on the successful application of electrospinning for the delivery of natural compounds for cancer therapy, further developments towards commercialization and large scale-production need more optimization.Öğe Exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer progression and diagnosis(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2023) Raesi, R.; Saghari, S.; Bassiri, F.; Motahhary, M.; Salimimoghadam, S.; Coskun, A.; Zarrabi A.One of the diseases affecting and threatening the survival of human life is cancer. Cancer originates from a variety of factors and underlying mechanisms including environmental factors, exposure to toxic chemicals, lifestyle, inactivity, alteration in gene expression, and epigenetic changes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules with covalently closed loop structure and demonstrate high stability due to the resistance to RNase enzymes. They have more expression compared to linear RNA molecules and are potential biomarkers in cancer. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that can be secreted by different cells such as tumor cells, normal cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts that contain proteins, lipid and RNA molecules, and even DNA fragments. Dysregulation of circRNAs has been implicated in disease pathogenesis, especially cancer development and initiation. This chapter demonstrates the role of exosomal circRNAs in affecting the growth and invasion of tumor cells, and they can also be used as diagnostic and prognostic factors in cancer. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.Öğe Long non-coding RNAs as new players in bladder cancer: Lessons from pre-clinical and clinical studies(Elsevier Inc., 2021) Mirzaei S.; Paskeh M.D.A.; Hashemi F.; Zabolian A.; Hashemi M.; Entezari M.; Tabari T.; Zarrabi A.The clinical management of bladder cancer (BC) has become an increasing challenge due to high incidence rate of BC, malignant behavior of cancer cells and drug resistance. The non-coding RNAs are considered as key factors involved in BC progression. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules and do not encode proteins. They have more than 200 nucleotides in length and affect gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional phases. The lncRNAs demonstrate abnormal expression in BC cells and tissues. The present aims to identifying lncRNAs with tumor-suppressor and tumor-promoting roles, and evaluating their roles as regulatory of growth and migration. Apoptosis, glycolysis and EMT are tightly regulated by lncRNAs in BC. Response of BC cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin and gemcitabine chemotherapy is modulated by lncRNAs. LncRNAs regulate immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment and affect response of BC cells to immunotherapy. Besides, lncRNAs are able to regulate microRNAs, STAT3, Wnt, PTEN and PI3K/Akt pathways in affecting both proliferation and migration of BC cells. Noteworthy, anti-tumor compounds and genetic tools such as siRNA, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas systems can regulate lncRNA expression in BC. Finally, lncRNAs and exosomal lncRNAs can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in BC.Öğe Pre-clinical and clinical applications of small interfering rnas (Sirna) and co-delivery systems for pancreatic cancer therapy(MDPI, 2021) Mirzaei S.; Gholami M.H.; Ang H.L.; Hashemi F.; Zarrabi A.; Zabolian A.; Hushmandi K.; Delfi M.Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death and is the fourth most malignant tumor in men. The epigenetic and genetic alterations appear to be responsible for development of PC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful genetic tool that can bind to its target and reduces expression level of a specific gene. The various critical genes involved in PC progression can be effectively targeted using diverse siRNAs. Moreover, siRNAs can enhance efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in inhibiting PC progression. However, siRNAs suffer from different off target effects and their degradation by enzymes in serum can diminish their potential in gene silencing. Loading siRNAs on nanoparticles can effectively protect them against degradation and can inhibit off target actions by facilitating targeted delivery. This leads to enhanced efficacy of siRNAs in PC therapy. Moreover, different kinds of nanoparticles such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles and metal nanostructures have been applied for optimal delivery of siRNAs that are discussed in this article. This review also reveals that how naked siRNAs and their delivery systems can be exploited in treatment of PC and as siRNAs are currently being applied in clinical trials, significant progress can be made by translating the current findings into the clinical settings.Öğe Spinal cord injury management through the combination of stem cells and implantable 3d bioprinted platforms(MDPI, 2021) Zarepour A.; Hooshmand S.; Gökmen A.; Zarrabi A.; Mostafavi E.Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a major impact on affected patients due to its pathological consequences and absence of capacity for self-repair. Currently available therapies are unable to restore lost neural functions. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop novel treatments that will promote functional repair after SCI. Several experimental approaches have been explored to tackle SCI, including the combination of stem cells and 3D bioprinting. Implanted multipotent stem cells with self-renewing capacity and the ability to differentiate to a diversity of cell types are promising candidates for replacing dead cells in injured sites and restoring disrupted neural circuits. However, implanted stem cells need protection from the inflammatory agents in the injured area and support to guide them to appropriate differentiation. Not only are 3D bioprinted scaffolds able to protect stem cells, but they can also promote their differentiation and functional integration at the site of injury. In this review, we showcase some recent advances in the use of stem cells for the treatment of SCI, different types of 3D bioprinting methods, and the combined application of stem cells and 3D bioprinting technique for effective repair of SCI.
