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Öğe Important factors affecting the transmission rate of COVID-19 in G20 and EU(YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIV, 2022) Kocadağlı, Ozan; Köse, Ali Mertcan; Gökmen İnan, Neslihan; Özer, Ezgi; Yaman Kocadağlı, Aylin; Bostancı, EcemCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease that might be fatal to humans due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus-2. COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, China in 2019 and soon have spread all over the world. Therefore, it was accepted as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of the demographic structure of the countries, their socio-economic development, the precautions, and health practices implemented by the governments against COVID-19 on the rate of transmission until the first peak days (plateaus) are appeared. Due to the socio-economic developments and reaching out the clear and transparent COVID-19 dataset, the sample of the study was formed from G20 and EU countries. The in terpretable factors affecting the transmission rate of COVID-19 were extracted with factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. Multivariate analysis figures out the effects of th e pr ecautions an d health practices implemented by G20 and EU countries with similar/different socio-economic development characteristics on the transmission rate. For instance, a result obtained from the multivariate analyzes is that COVID-19 cases in developed and developing countries differ from each other at their first plateaus. Another noteworthy inference is that COVID-19 cases are trending similarly within some developed countries with the higher ratio of population (65+) and Human Development Index (HDI). Furthermore, the population ratio (15-64) is itself an explanatory factor that can be used to characterize similar transmission patterns between countries. Consequently, these findings may help state authorities to take urgent precautions and manage such a global epidemic by much more efficient health policies.Öğe A new read–write collision-based SRAM PUF implemented on Xilinx FPGAs(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Çiçek, İhsan; Al Khas, AhmadPhysically unclonable functions (PUFs) are device-specific digital fingerprints derived from physical properties. They are used in critical cryptographic applications, including unique ID generation, key generation, and challenge-response-based authentication. The advantages of low implementation cost and robust operation render PUF an indispensable component for secure embedded systems. In the last decade, SRAM-based PUFs have become very popular in the ASIC industry due to increasing security demand against cloning and counterfeiting. However, their use in the FPGA applications is limited, since it is almost impossible to power-cycle the SRAMs after the FPGA device is configured. Additionally, FPGA vendors usually clear the SRAM contents after power on which also makes it hard to implement an SRAM PUF. In this work, we propose a new approach for designing SRAM-based PUFs on Xilinx FPGAs. The proposed PUF is based on the idea of triggering a collision between reading and writing operations in a block-RAM to generate random responses induced by timing violation instead of power cycling. We have integrated the proposed PUF as an AXI peripheral with a synthesizable processor core for data acquisition. The design has been tested on 10 different Xilinx Artix-7 devices of the same type, and acquired data were tested for reliability, uniqueness, bit-aliasing, and uniformity properties. On the average, the proposed PUF achieved 93% reliability (at 55 ?C), 37% uniqueness, 47% bit-aliasing, and 55% uniformity. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
