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Öğe Amantadine’s Neuroprotective Effects in Rabbit Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Model(Turkish Neurosurgical Society, 2024) Ünlüler, Caner; Kuru Bektaşoğlu, Pınar; Ergüder, Berrin İmge; Arıok, Ata Türker; Ermutlu, İlçim; Gürer, Bora; Kertmen, HayriAIM: To examine the effects of amantadine, a drug with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities on oxidative stress, tissue necrosis, apoptosis, and neurological recovery in an experimental rabbit spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) model. MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 32 rabbits were randomized into five groups: control, ischemia, vehicle, methylprednisolone (MP), and amantadine (AMT) (n=8/each). At 24th-hour neurological examination was performed, spinal cord tissues were collected, and biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS: When ischemia and vehicle groups were compared with control group, significant increase was seen in serum and tissue caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels (p<0.001); significant decrease was seen in serum and tissue catalase (CAT) levels (p<0.001); and significant increase was seen in serum xanthine oxidase (XO) levels (p<0.001). When the ischemia group and the MP and AMT groups were compared, low serum and tissue caspase-3 levels (p<0.001), high serum and tissue CAT levels (p<0.001), significantly low serum XO levels (p<0.001), low serum and tissue MDA levels (p<0.05) and tissue MPO levels (p<0.001) were found. Both AMT and MP groups showed decreased histopathological score and higher number of normal neurons (p<0.001) compared to ischemia group. Both AMT and MP showed better modified Tarlov scores compared to the ischemia group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study found that AMT had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects on SCIRI. We used biochemical, microscopic, and ultrastructural approaches to demonstrate these effects. AMT might be a candidate medication for SCIRI prophylaxis and treatment. © (2024), (Turkish Neurosurgical Society). All rights reserved.Öğe Analysis of Complications of a Neglected Disease: 13 Years of Experience with Liver Hydatid Cysts in a High-Volume Hospital(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Azizoğlu, Mustafa; Aydoğdu, Bahattin; Kamçı, Tahsin Onat; Arslan, Serkan; Başuguy, Erol; Bilici, Salim; Okur, Mehmet HanifiBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and complications associated with hepatic hydatid cysts in a pediatric population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 214 pediatric patients with liver hydatid cysts, focusing on clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and associated complications. Patients were classified based on treatment modality, including non-operative management with albendazole, PAIR, and surgical intervention. This study compared cyst characteristics, recurrence rates, and complications such as cysto-biliary fistulas. Results: Among the patients, 68% (n = 145) had a single cyst and 86% (n = 184) were found to have isolated liver cysts. No significant statistical difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of age, gender, and basic laboratory values and general characteristics of the cysts, such as the lobe where the cyst was located, involvement of multiple organs, number of cysts, the state of cyst rupture, and recurrence; no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p > 0.05 for each comparison). Cyst rupture incidence was 6%, and the average incidence of recurrence was 2%, with a surgical recurrence incidence of 3%. A total of 37 patients had a laparotomy, while 7 had laparoscopic surgery. In total, capitonnage was performed in 68 patients, omentopexy in 4, and cystostomy in 6. Consequently, among the treated patients (PAIR + surgery), the incidence of cysto-biliary fistula was 11%, anaphylaxis was 2%, surgical recurrence was 3%, and the incidence of reoperation (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) was 6%. The average follow-up period was 72 months, during which no mortality was observed. Conclusions: We identified key clinical outcomes related to both non-surgical treatments (cyst rupture and recurrence) and surgical groups (cysto-biliary fistulas, anaphylaxis, the need for reoperation, rupture, and recurrence). © 2024 by the authors.Öğe Antenna Selection With Beam Squint Compensation for Integrated Sensing and Communications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Elbir, Ahmet Mete; Abdallah, Asmaa; Çelik, Abdülkadir; Eltawil, Ahmed M.Next-generation wireless networks strive for higher communication rates, ultra-low latency, seamless connectivity, and high-resolution sensing capabilities. To meet these demands, terahertz (THz) band signal processing is envisioned as a key technology offering wide bandwidth and sub-millimeter wavelength. Furthermore, THz integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) paradigm has emerged to jointly access the spectrum and reduce the hardware costs through a unified platform. To address the challenges in THz propagation, THz-ISAC systems employ extremely large antenna arrays to improve the beamforming gain for communications with high data rates and sensing with high resolution. However, the cost and power consumption of implementing fully digital beamformers are prohibitive. While hybrid analog/digital beamforming can be a potential solution, the use of subcarrier-independent analog beamformers leads to the beam-squint phenomenon where different subcarriers observe distinct directions because of adopting the same analog beamformer across all subcarriers. In this paper, we develop a sparse array architecture for THz-ISAC with hybrid beamforming to provide a cost-effective solution. We analyze the antenna selection problem under beam-squint influence and introduce a manifold optimization approach for hybrid beamforming design. To reduce computational and memory costs, we propose novel algorithms leveraging grouped subarrays, quantized performance metrics, and sequential optimization. These approaches yield a significant reduction in the number of possible subarray configurations, which enables us to devise a neural network with classification model to accurately perform antenna selection. Numerical simulations show that the proposed approach exhibits up to 95% lower complexity for large antenna arrays while maintaining satisfactory communications with approximately 6% loss in the achievable rate. © 2024 IEEE.Öğe An Automatic Software Testing Method to Discover Hard-to-Detect Faults Using Hybrid Olympiad Optimization Algorithm(Springer, 2024) Zheng, Leiqing; Arasteh, Bahman; Mehrabani, Mahsa Nazeri; Abania, Amir VahideThe enhancement of software system quality is achieved through a process called software testing, which is a time and cost-intensive stage of software development. As a result, automating software tests is recognized as an effective solution that can simplify time-consuming and arduous testing activities. Generating test data with maximum branch coverage and fault discovery capability is an NP-complete optimization problem. Various methods based on heuristics and evolutionary algorithms have been suggested to create test suites that provide the most feasible coverage. The main disadvantages of past approaches include inadequate branching coverage, fault detection rate, and unstable results. The main objectives of the current research are to improve the branch coverage rate, fault detection rate, success rate, and stability. This research has suggested an efficient technique to produce test data automatically utilizing a hybrid version of Olympiad Optimization Algorithms (OOA) in conjunction with genetic algorithm (GA) operators theory. Maximum coverage, fault detection capability, and success rate are the main characteristics of produced test data. Various experiments have been conducted on the nine standard benchmark programs. Regarding the results, the suggested method provides 99.92% average coverage, a success rate of 99.20%, an average generation of 5.76, and an average time of 7.97 s. Based on the fault injection experiment’s results, the proposed method can discover about 89% of the faults injected by mutation testing tools such as MuJava. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.Öğe Application of Gradient Boosting in the Design of Fuzzy Rule-Based Regression Models(IEEE Computer Society, 2024) Zhang, Huimin; Hu, Xingchen; Zhu, Xiubin; Pedrycz, WitoldThis study is devoted to the design of gradient boosted fuzzy rule-based models for regression problems. Fuzzy rule-based models are built on the basis of information granules formed in the input and output spaces whose structure involves a family of conditional 'if-then' statements. The architecture of fuzzy rule-based models contributes to the realization of a sound tradeoff between modeling accuracy and interpretability and computing overhead. Gradient boosting paradigm has emerged as a powerful learning method realized through sequentially fitting additive base learners to current residuals in the steepest descent way. However, surprisingly, studies on the design and analysis of gradient boosted fuzzy rule-based models are still lacking. In this study, fuzzy rule-based model is regarded as a base learner. Different loss functions and their influence on the performance of the final models are explored. We also thoroughly investigate an impact of the initial quality of the rule-based model (implied by the number of rules) on the process of gradient boosting. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated by a series of experimental studies concerning synthetic and publicly available datasets. © 2024 IEEE.Öğe Characterization of different orchid species and rheological properties of orchids solutions(Academic press, 2024) Develioğlu-Arslan, Ayşen; Sağdıç, Osman; Tekin-Çakmak, Zeynep H.; Karasu, Salih; Kayacan-Çakmakoğlu, Selma; Yaman, MustafaThis study investigated the physicochemical, bioactive, and rheological properties of salep obtained from ten different wild orchids collected from different regions of Turkey ( Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis isaura, Anacamptis palustris subsp. palustris, Orchis morio, Serapias vomeracea subsp. artemisiae, Orchis italica, Ophrys mammosa, Orchis sancta, Dactylorhiza euxina, Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius, and commercial salep). Firstly, the salep samples were ground and their color, pH, bioactive components, and FTIR spectrum were determined. The color and pH properties of salep differed due to the different species (p <= 0.05). Two strong peaks were observed at 1618 and 1422 cm-1 due to asymmetric and symmetric stretching of the ester groups in salep glucomannan. According to salep species, there was a significant difference in the TPC (total phenolic content), % DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, and CUPRAC values (p <= 0.05), which were 5.29-26.84 mg GAE/g, 5.02-12.2%, and 0.81-3.82 mg TE/g, respectively. The FTIR findings revealed that the spectrum peaks did not change between commercial salep and other salep species. In the second part of the study, we prepared 1%, 2%, and 3% aqueous solutions of salep and examined their flow behavior, dynamic rheological properties, and 3-ITT (3-Time Interval Thixotropic Test) rheological behavior. A significant difference was observed between the values (p <= 0.05). All salep solutions had a flow behavior index (n) value below 1, indicating that all samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior. The consistency coefficient (K) value significantly changed (p <= 0.05) and was determined to be 0.003-2.91 Pa.sn,0.003-28.81 Pa.sn,and 0.017-94.134 Pa.sn at salep concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. Salep is a preferred stabilizer due to its functional properties, bioactive components, and polysaccharide structure. As a result, when the rheological properties of salep samples are evaluated, it is shown that especially Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis morio, Orchis sancta species can be used as stabilizers in the food industry.Öğe Characterization of a copper matrix composite reinforced with nano/submicron-sized boron fabricated via spark plasma sintering(Elsevier ltd, 2024) Şahin, Rabia Tuğçe; Atak, Ömer Faruk; Burçak, Arda Baran; Jahangiri, Hadi; Motallebzadeh, Amir; Aydemir, Umut; Mohagheghi, SamiraThe addition of various reinforcing phases can improve the mechanical properties of copper. This study investigates the enhancement of the mechanical properties of copper by adding boron, focusing on overcoming the challenges associated with the homogeneous distribution of submicron/nanoscale secondary phases in metal matrix composites. Employing a combination of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering, a copper-boron composite containing 3 wt% boron was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the structure of the sintered samples and mechanically alloyed powder. A two-phase structure containing nano/submicron-sized boron distributed uniformly in the copper matrix was formed in the sintered sample. Instrumented micro-indentation tests were performed to characterize the mechanical behavior of the samples. The sintered composite sample exhibits significantly higher hardness than the sintered copper. The enhanced mechanical performance of the composite is primarily attributed to grain boundary strengthening and microstructural refinement, where nano/submicron-sized boron particles prevent grain growth and refine the microstructure, enhancing hardness and strength. Additionally, dispersion strengthening from hard boron particles and the presence of a high density of twin boundaries within the copper matrix increase resistance to dislocation motion and deformation, and further improving the material's mechanical properties. On the other hand, the composite sample exhibits increased electrical resistivity due to the boron's role as electron scattering centers. Overall, this study provides a valuable strategy for the design and optimization of advanced copper-based composites with tailored mechanical and electrical properties.Öğe Applications and emerging trends of blockchain technology in marketing to develop Industry 5.0 Businesses: A comprehensive survey and network analysis(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Nikseresht, Ali; Shokouhyar, Sajjad; Tirkolaee, Erfan Babaee; Pishva, NimaWith the availability of enormous amounts of data come the difficulties of big data, privacy, and ransomware assaults, which result in Marketing fraud and spam. Blockchain offers an extensive array of possible applications in the Marketing field. Nevertheless, both Marketing research and practice exhibit a degree of hesitance toward using Blockchain technology and have not yet come around to completely understand and adopt the technology. Here, the aim is to examine the Blockchain concepts and their applications in Marketing through bibliometrics, network, and thematic analyses, which can provide several novel insights and perspectives into current research trends in this field by evaluating the most significant and cited research publications, keywords, institutions, authors' collaboration network, and finally countries that promote Industry 5.0 (I5.0) businesses. This study performs a detailed bibliometric and thematic-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on 124 of over 15000 research papers. Major outcomes include the identification of emerging themes such as the role of Blockchain in advertising, and dynamic pricing, as well as the need for further exploration of underdeveloped areas (e.g., consumer behavior and brand equity). The results contribute to theoretical and practical management elements and provide the groundwork for future study in this area. The overarching target of this research is to give a complete overview of applications and emerging trends of Blockchain technology in Marketing, thereby serving as a resource for future research topics for Marketing scholars and experts aiming to implement solutions based on Blockchain technology and algorithms to develop an I5.0 business. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Changing trends in the etiology of cirrhosis in Türkiye: a multicenter nationwide study(Aves, 2024) Üçbilek, Enver; Yıldırım, Abdullah Emre; Ellik, Zeynep; Turan, İlker; Haktanıyan, Büşra; Karatay, EylemBackground/Aims: The aim of our study was to investigate the underlying causes behind the etiology of cirrhosis in T & uuml;rkiye.Materials and Methods: The study was comprised of patients with cirrhosis located in the gastroenterology clinics of 28 centers in T & uuml;rkiye between January 2000 and June 2021. Results: The study group consisted of 4953 cirrhotic patients (median age: 62.2 years, male / female: 58% / 42%). Among the patients, 39% of the patients were compensated, and 61% were decompensated. Furthermore, 47.5% had Child-Pugh class A, 38% had Child-Pugh class B, and 14.5% had Child-Pugh class C. The most frequent complaints were abdominal bloating (28%). Ascites (54.2%) was the most common manifestation of decompensation. The median Child-Pugh and MELD-Na scores were 7.0 and 10.0, respectively. The most common cause of cirrhosis was chronic viral hepatitis (43%), followed by cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) (19%), metabolic dysfunc-tion-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related cirrhosis (13%), and alcohol-related cirrhosis (11%). Among the 950 patients with CC, 416 had metabolic abnormalities. If these 416 CC patients with metabolic abnormalities were categorized as having MASLD-related cirrhosis, the proportion of MASLD-related cirrhosis increased to 21%. Thirteen percent of the patients were diagnosed with HCC, while 4% had extrahepatic malignancy. Female breast cancer (18%) and colorectal cancer (18%) were the most frequent extra-hepatic malignancies. Conclusion: Viral hepatitis remains the main cause of cirrhosis in T & uuml;rkiye. However, its prevalence seems to be declining, whereas the prevalence of steatotic liver disease-related cirrhosis is increasingÖğe A.R.R.O.W.2: once- vs twice-weekly carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(American Society of Hematology, 2024) Dimopoulos, Meletios A.; Coriu, Daniel; Delimpasi, Sosana; Špička, Ivan; Upchurch, Terry; Fang, Belle; Talpur, Rakhshandra; Faber, Edward; Beksaç, Meral; Leleu, XavierTwice-weekly carfilzomib (27 mg/m2) plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRd27) is a standard of care in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Once-weekly carfilzomib regimens have shown clinical benefits with improved patient convenience. This open-label, phase 3, multicenter, randomized study aimed to demonstrate noninferiority of the overall response rate (ORR) for once-weekly carfilzomib (56 mg/m2) plus Rd (KRd56) vs twice-weekly KRd27 in RRMM. A total of 454 patients were randomized (1:1) to receive carfilzomib as onceweekly 30-minute infusions of 56 mg/m2 (KRd56; n = 228) or twice-weekly 10-minute infusions of 27 mg/m2 (KRd27; n = 226). Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. ORR was 82.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-87.2) in the once-weekly group vs 86.3% (95% CI, 81.1-90.5) in the twice-weekly group (risk ratio, 0.954 [95% CI, 0.882-1.032]) and did not meet the threshold for statistical significance of noninferiority (P = .0666). Complete response (CR) or better was obtained in 46.9% of patients in the once-weekly arm and 36.3% in the twice-weekly arm. The proportions of patients who achieved CR and were also assessed negative forminimal residual disease were 21.5% and 18.1%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.235 [95% CI, 0.775-1.970]). Progression-free survival was comparable between groups (hazard ratio, 0.945 [95% CI, 0.617-1.447]). The safety profile was similar for both groups. In conclusion, although statistical significance for noninferiority of ORR was not achieved, the efficacy and safety of once-weekly KRd56 were similar to those of twice-weekly KRd27, and once-weekly KRd56 may be an effective and convenient treatment option for patients with RRMM. © 2024 by The American Society of Hematology.Öğe Cemiplimab monotherapy as first-line treatment of patients with brain metastases from advanced non–small cell lung cancer with programmed cell death-ligand 1 ≥50%(John wiley and sons inc, 2024) Kılıçkap, Saadettin; Özgüroğlu, Mustafa; Sezer, Ahmet; Gümüş, Mahmut; Bondarenko, Igor; Gogishvili, Miranda; Turk, Haci M.Cemiplimab monotherapy as first-line treatment of patients with brain metastases from advanced non–small cell lung cancer with programmed cell death-ligand 1 ≥50%Öğe Artificial intelligence in reproductive endocrinology: an in-depth longitudinal analysis of ChatGPTv4’s month-by-month interpretation and adherence to clinical guidelines for diminished ovarian reserve(Springer, 2024) Gürbüz, Tuğba; Gökmen, Oya; Devranoğlu, Belgin; Madenli, Asena AyarObjective: To quantitatively assess the performance of ChatGPTv4, an Artificial Intelligence Language Model, in adhering to clinical guidelines for Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR) over two months, evaluating the model’s consistency in providing guideline-based responses. Design: A longitudinal study design was employed to evaluate ChatGPTv4’s response accuracy and completeness using a structured questionnaire at baseline and at a two-month follow-up. Setting: ChatGPTv4 was tasked with interpreting DOR questionnaires based on standardized clinical guidelines. Participants: The study did not involve human participants; the questionnaire was exclusively administered to the ChatGPT model to generate responses about DOR. Methods: A guideline-based questionnaire with 176 open-ended, 166 multiple-choice, and 153 true/false questions were deployed to rigorously assess ChatGPTv4’s ability to provide accurate medical advice aligned with current DOR clinical guidelines. AI-generated responses were rated on a 6-point Likert scale for accuracy and a 3-point scale for completeness. The two-phase design assessed the stability and consistency of AI-generated answers over two months. Results: ChatGPTv4 achieved near-perfect scores across all question types, with true/false questions consistently answered with 100% accuracy. In multiple-choice queries, accuracy improved from 98.2 to 100% at the two-month follow-up. Open-ended question responses exhibited significant positive enhancements, with accuracy scores increasing from an average of 5.38 ± 0.71 to 5.74 ± 0.51 (max: 6.0) and completeness scores from 2.57 ± 0.52 to 2.85 ± 0.36 (max: 3.0). It underscored the improvements as significant (p < 0.001), with positive correlations between initial and follow-up accuracy (r = 0.597) and completeness (r = 0.381) scores. Limitations: The study was limited by the reliance on a controlled, albeit simulated, setting that may not perfectly mirror real-world clinical interactions. Conclusion: ChatGPTv4 demonstrated exceptional and improving accuracy and completeness in handling DOR-related guideline queries over the studied period. These findings highlight ChatGPTv4’s potential as a reliable, adaptable AI tool in reproductive endocrinology, capable of augmenting clinical decision-making and guideline development. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.Öğe Variation of Mechanical, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Transmission Properties of Some Lithium-Zinc-Tellurite Glasses through Systematic Erbium (III) Oxide Reinforcement(Springer New York, 08 Mayıs 2025) ALMisned, Ghada; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Kilic G.; Alkarrani, Hessa; Ene, Antoaneta; Susoy, Gulfem; Tekin, Hüseyin OzanThis study explores the radiation shielding and elastic properties of Er3+-doped lithium-zinc-tellurite glasses, focusing on both gamma-ray and neutron shielding capabilities, as well as mechanical properties. The elastic modulus values for the samples ranged from 59.70 to 60.72 GPa, indicating that the incorporation of Er3+ slightly influences the elastic properties of the glasses. The maximum elastic modulus value was observed in the TZL1.0Er sample, while the minimum was found in the TZL0.1Er sample, with a percentage difference of approximately 1.68%. The gamma-ray shielding properties were evaluated through parameters such as linear and mass attenuation coefficients, half-value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number. The TZLE5 sample demonstrated superior gamma-ray attenuation with a linear attenuation coefficient of approximately 250 cm-1 at 0.1 MeV and an effective atomic number reaching up to 55 at lower photon energies. In contrast, the neutron shielding effectiveness, indicated by the fast neutron removal cross-section (Sigma R), showed a decrease with increasing Er3+ content, with a percentage difference of nearly 8.3% between the highest and lowest Sigma R values. The highest Sigma R observed was approximately 0.12 1/cm, indicating that elements like Zn and Te, which are more abundant in samples with lower Er3+ content, contribute more effectively to neutron shielding. The benchmarking phase revealed that while TZLE5 excels in gamma-ray shielding, it is less effective for neutron protection compared to materials specifically engineered for neutron shielding. It can be concluded that Er3+-doped lithium-zinc-tellurite glasses offer excellent gamma-ray shielding and maintain mechanical stability but require the integration of effective neutron moderators to achieve balanced and comprehensive radiation protection.Öğe Catalytic synergy between pd nanoclusters and ligand-functionalized layered silicates for improved formic acid dehydrogenation(American chemical society, 2024) Doustkhah, Esmail; Yusufoğlu, Muhammed; El-Hosainy, Hamza; Zarenezhad, Hamaneh; Ide, Yusuke; Gutiérrez Moreno, José Julio; Assadi, M. Hussein N.The synthesis and stabilization of Pd nanoclusters on a support, as well as simultaneously achieving optimal catalytic activity, remain challenging tasks. Functionalizing the support surface with specific ligands offers a promising solution, but it often requires carefully balancing trade-offs between the reaction yield and catalyst stability. Here, we used two different ligands (propylamine and propylthiol) to functionalize the layered silicate's interlayer surface for Pd nanocluster synthesis and stabilization. For dehydrogenating formic acid, Pd nanoclusters on aminopropyl groups achieved a catalytic activity similar to 27-fold higher than that of thiopropyl groups at 70 degrees C. Our density functional calculations compared the adsorption energetics and bonding characteristics of single Pd atoms and Pd13 nanoclusters on amino- and thio-functionalized silicate surfaces. Pd-N bonds were predicted to be weaker with minimal covalency, while Pd-S bonds exhibit greater covalency due to higher 4d-3p hybridization, resulting in better stability. However, Pd-13 clusters undergo severe structural deformation on thiol-functionalized surfaces, resulting in a smaller overall surface area and diminished catalytic stability.Öğe Assessment of in vitro dynamics of pathogenic environmental Acanthamoeba T4 and T9 genotypes isolated from three recreational lakes in Klang Valley, Malaysia over the HaCaT cell monolayer(IWA Publishing, 2024) Halim, Rohaya Abdul; Halim, Hasseri; Hussain, Rosnani Hanim Mohd; Aazmi, Shafiq; Khan, Naveed Ahmed; Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah; Anuar, Tengku ShahrulFree-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are causative agents of keratitis and amoebic encephalitis. They are widely found in various ecological environments. Therefore, the present study brings results that can help to better understand the genotypes of the environmental isolates and their pathogenicity. This study procured 26 Acanthamoeba isolates from three recreational lakes in 2022. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on positive Acanthamoeba samples. The thermotolerance, osmotolerance, and cytopathogenicity in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells of the samples were also evaluated. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 12 isolates were of genotype T4, two (T9), six (T17), four (T8), and one each from T5 and T11. The thermo- and osmotolerance assays indicated that eight Acanthamoeba samples were potentially pathogenic. Two T4 and one T9 genotype also recorded 33-, 42-, and 133-kDa serine-type proteases, respectively. The HaCaT cell monolayer revealed that three T4 and one T9 samples achieved cytopathic effects within the 50–100% range, hence significantly cytotoxic. The lactate dehydrogenase secretion results demonstrated that three (T4) and one (T9) sample exhibited exceptional toxicity (over 40%) compared to the other samples. The responses of Acanthamoeba members with similar genotypes to pathogenicity indicator assays varied considerably, rendering correlation of pathogenicity with specific genotypes challenging. © 2024 The Authors.Öğe Assessment of the Potential Impact of Mycophenolate Mofetil on Lowering Renal Biomarkers in Patients with Class III Lupus Nephritis: A Pilot Study to Predict Renal Function Progress(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Mohammed, Nadia H.; Al-Taie, Anmar; Al-Sultany, Fadia H.Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a potentially severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an oral immunosuppressive agent used in lupus patients who are intolerant of or refractory to other conventional therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of MMF on lowering some biomarkers as a predictive of renal function in patients with Class III LN. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study that enrolled patients with Class III LN who received 2 g/day of oral MMF. The potential impact of MMF on renal biomarkers was evaluated at baseline and subsequently at 3-month intervals for 6 months according to changes in antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antidouble stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA), elastase α-1 proteinase inhibitor (α-1 PI), proteinuria, and the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/C ratio). Results: A significant decrease over the course of MMF treatment compared to the baseline regarding ANA (1.37 ± 0.47 vs. 2.90 ± 1.05, P = 0.03); anti-dsDNA (23.39 ± 3.19 vs. 39.91 ± 8.1 IU/mL, P = 0.02); elastase α-1 PI (512.4 ± 74.12 vs. 696.35 ± 105.35 ng/mL, P = 0.03); proteinuria (0.25 ± 0.44 vs. 1.95 ± 0.76 g/24 h., P = 0.01); and P/C ratio (0.20 ± 0.22 vs. 1.37 ± 0.26, P = 0.04). Conclusion: MMF is effective in lowering renal biomarkers of Class III LN revealed by a significant reduction in ANA, anti-dsDNA, elastase α-1 PI, proteinuria, and P/C ratio over 6 months of MMF treatment. Copyright © 2024 Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ).Öğe Association Between Body Mass Index and Survival in Patients with De Novo Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer(International Scientific Information, Inc., 2024) Ürün, Müslih; Güner, Gürkan; Sezgin, Yasin; Sakin, Abdullah; Kılıçkap, SaadettinBackground: This retrospective study from a single center included 289 patients diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2010 to 2017 and aimed to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on overall survival. Material/Methods: This retrospective study involved 289 patients diagnosed with metastatic-stage NSCLC at a single institution between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their BMI at diagnosis: those with a BMI <25 kg/m2 and those with a BMI 325 kg/m2. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with overall survival. Results: A total of 289 patients (241 men, 48 women) were included in the study, with a mean age of 60.1±11.1 years. Among them, 175 patients (60.6%) had a BMI less than 25 kg/m2. Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI, pathological diagnosis, and complete response after first-line treatment were independently associated with survival in patients with lung cancer. Predicted survival time was significantly shorter in the BMI <25 group than in the BMI 325 group (9.3 months vs 13.0 months, P<0.05). Conclusions: The study demonstrated that a higher BMI at the time of diagnosis is associated with improved overall survival in patients with de novo metastatic NSCLC. BMI may serve as an important prognostic factor in this patient population. Future prospective, multi-center studies are necessary to further validate the role of BMI in predicting survival outcomes in NSCLC patients across different treatment modalities. © Med Sci Monit.Öğe Associations Between Echocardiographic Right Heart Measurements With Short-Term Prognosis in Heart Failure: A Prospective Study(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Dinç Asarcıklı, Lale; İnan, Duygu; Murat, Selda; Çöllüoğlu, İnci Tuğçe; Bakhshaliyev, Nijat; Ulutaş, Zeynep; Çabuk, Gizem; Hasırcı, Senem; Naser, Abdulrahman; Ünal Dayı, Şennur; Çelik, Ahmet; Güvenç, Tolga SinanBackground: Echocardiographic right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a strong risk determinant for prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Although parameters of RV systolic function are widely used to define RV dysfunction, there is scarce data to suggest these parameters are best suited to predict HF-related outcomes. Aims: We aimed to understand which morphologic or functional parameters are most closely associated with short-term mortality and HF-related hospitalization in patients with HF. Methods: A total of 191 patients from eight study centers were included to this study. A detailed echocardiographic examination was done at enrollment, and patients were followed up for 6 months via direct interviews or phone calls. Results: All right-sided echocardiographic parameters other than tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were associated with outcomes. In a proportional hazards model that included right-heart parameters, RV longitudinal diameter (HR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.04–1.10, p < 0.001), wall thickness (HR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.13–1.50, p < 0.001), and tricuspid annular systolic velocity (HR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.82–0.96, p = 0.02) were found as the independent predictors. However, only RV longitudinal dimension (HR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01–1.08, p = 0.01) and RV wall thickness (HR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.10–1.60, p = 0.004) were associated with short-term outcomes after adjusting for other clinical and left-sided echocardiographic variables. On a Bayesian logistic regression model that included right-sided echocardiography variables, there was strong evidence for including either RV longitudinal diameter (BF10: 190.4) or wall thickness (BF10: 30.7) to the final model. Conclusion: Parameters of RV morphology were better predictors of short-term outcomes in HF patients. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Öğe Backstepping control of multilevel modified SVM inverter in variable speed DFIG-based dual-rotor wind power system(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Benbouhenni, Habib; Çolak, İlhami; Bizon, NicuThe backstepping control (BC) scheme has been successfully used in a variety of high-effectiveness industrial AC drives. This study presents the application of the BC technique based on multilevel modified space vector modulation (BC-MSVM) to get better the energy performance of a dual-rotor wind turbine system (DRWT). Two techniques are suggested to command the stator power of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by a DRWT. This work addresses the problems of the DRWT-based energy production system, such as stream fineness, power overshoot, and torque ripples. The use of a multilevel inverter in BC-MSVM led to an enhancement in the competence of the multilevel BC-MSVM technique and the system as a whole, and this is proven by the results performed using MATLAB software on a 1500 kW DFIG-DRWT. The use of a seven-level inverter led to a minimization in the rates of overshoot, ripples, steady-state error, and response time of active power by 26.66%, 53.84%, 2.09%, and 9.09%, respectively. Regarding the reactive power, the ratios were estimated at 18.12%, 34%, 25%, and 1.41%, respectively. These ratios prove that using a higher-level inverter significantly improves the voltage quality and characteristics of the DFIG-DRWT. © The Author(s) 2024.Öğe Biohybrid Micro/Nanorobots: Pioneering the Next Generation of Medical Technology(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Zarepour, Atefeh; Khosravi, Arezoo; Iravani, Siavash; Zarrabi, AliBiohybrid micro/nanorobots hold a great potential for advancing biomedical research. These tiny structures, designed to mimic biological organisms, offer a promising method for targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing/imaging, and cancer therapy, among other applications. The integration of biology and robotics opens new possibilities for minimally invasive surgeries and personalized healthcare solutions. The key challenges in the development of biohybrid micro/nanorobots include ensuring biocompatibility, addressing manufacturing scalability, enhancing navigation and localization capabilities, maintaining stability in dynamic biological environments, navigating regulatory hurdles, and successfully translating these innovative technologies into clinical applications. Herein, the recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives related to the biomedical applications of biohybrid micro/nanorobots are described. Indeed, this review sheds light on the cutting-edge developments in this field, providing researchers with an updated overview of the current potential of biohybrid micro/nanorobots in the realm of biomedical applications, and offering insights into their practical applications. Furthermore, it delves into recent advancements in the field of biohybrid micro/nanorobotics, providing a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art technologies and their future applications in the biomedical field. © 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
