Advancing ZMF-spinel ferrites with Gd3+ doping: structural, magneto-optical enhancements, and superior gamma-ray shielding for high-tech applications

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dc.authorscopusidHesham M.H. Zakaly / 57196235532
dc.authorwosidHesham M.H. Zakaly / GFQ-4612-2022
dc.contributor.authorKhalil, Huda F.
dc.contributor.authorIssa, Shams A. M.
dc.contributor.authorElsharkawy, Sherif G.
dc.contributor.authorBoudaghi Malidarreh, Roya
dc.contributor.authorGad, Sara
dc.contributor.authorBadawi, Ali
dc.contributor.authorFakhry, Fatma
dc.contributor.authorZakaly, Hesham M. H.
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-11T08:34:22Z
dc.date.available2025-06-11T08:34:22Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentİstinye Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.description.abstractIn this investigation, the incorporation of Gd3+ ions into ZMF-spinel ferrites through the citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method significantly modified their structural, magneto-optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties. Doping levels were varied across samples labeled ZMF0 to ZMF4 with Gd3+ concentrations ranging from 0.000 to 0.100. Advanced characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS, alongside UV-vis spectroscopy and VSM measurements, highlighted the profound impact of Gd3+ doping. Notably, the incorporation of Gd3+ led to nano-sized cubic structures with an optimized crystallite size of 19.82 nm in the ZMF4 sample, and a notable reduction in the band gap from 3.21 eV to 2.99 eV was observed, indicative of enhanced electronic properties. Magnetic analysis revealed a transition towards superparamagnetic behavior, with a decrease in coercivity and squareness ratios, suggesting applications in areas such as data storage and optical waveguides. Furthermore, the study leveraged FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations to assess the gamma-ray shielding efficiency of these materials. It was found that increasing Gd3+ concentration or sample thickness markedly improved radiation attenuation, highlighting the material’s enhanced shielding capabilities against a range of photon energies. The most significant findings included the optimized sample (ZMF4) displaying superior magneto-optical characteristics and outstanding gamma-ray shielding performance, especially at higher Gd3+ levels. This investigation underlines the critical role of Gd3+ doping in advancing the functional properties of ZMF-spinel ferrites for technological and radiation protection applications, showcasing the potential of tailored nanomaterials in addressing complex challenges in material science. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. Gd3+ ion doping in ZMF-spinel ferrites reduced crystallite sizes to an optimal 19.82 nm, significantly enhancing their magneto-optical properties. Spectral analysis showed a noticeable blue shift in band edge absorption, with optical band gaps narrowing from 3.21 eV to 2.99 eV, indicating improved electronic properties. Magnetic assessments revealed a transition to soft magnetic behavior and identified superparamagnetic regions, broadening potential technological applications. FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that increased Gd3+ concentration and sample thickness significantly boost the material’s gamma-ray shielding efficiency. The study’s comprehensive analysis establishes ZMF-spinel ferrites doped with Gd3+ ions as promising candidates for advanced applications, including radiation protection and energy systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024..
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding text 1 The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2024-44). Funding text 2 This research was funded by Taif University, Saudi Arabia, Project No. (TU-DSPP-2024-44).
dc.identifier.citationKhalil, H. F., Issa, S. A., Elsharkawy, S. G., Boudaghi Malidarreh, R., Gad, S., Badawi, A., ... & Zakaly, H. M. (2024). Advancing ZMF-spinel ferrites with Gd3+ doping: structural, magneto-optical enhancements, and superior gamma-ray shielding for high-tech applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 112(3), 898-921.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10971-024-06520-8
dc.identifier.endpage921
dc.identifier.issn09280707
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage898
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06520-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/7304
dc.identifier.volume112
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001315585600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorZakaly, Hesham M.H.
dc.institutionauthoridHesham M.H. Zakaly / 0000-0002-7645-9964
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectAttenuation Properties
dc.subjectMagneto-optical Properties
dc.subjectMonte Carlo Simulations
dc.subjectRare earth Gd3+ ions
dc.subjectSpinel-Ferrite
dc.subjectSuperparamagnetic
dc.titleAdvancing ZMF-spinel ferrites with Gd3+ doping: structural, magneto-optical enhancements, and superior gamma-ray shielding for high-tech applications
dc.typeArticle

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