Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.Allahviranloo, T.Pedrycz, W.Shahriari, M.Sharafi, H.Razipour, GhalehJough, S.2024-05-192024-05-1920231860-949Xhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44742-6_8https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/4484This chapter provides an overview of hierarchical decision structures, focusing on the AHP and ANP methods. It explains how these structures break down complex problems and organize criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives in a hierarchical manner. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is explored in detail, including its step-by-step implementation process and practical examples. The chapter then introduces the Analytic Network Process (ANP), which extends AHP to decision problems with interdependencies and feedback loops. The construction of networks, calculation of priority weights, and interpretation of results within the ANP framework are discussed. Finally, Fuzzy AHP is introduced as a method that addresses the limitations of AHP by incorporating fuzzy sets theory, supported by real-world case studies. Fuzzy AHP allows decision-makers to express preferences in a flexible and nuanced manner, capturing uncertainties and ambiguity present in real-world scenarios. Its advantage lies in handling vague and imprecise information systematically, enabling the effective incorporation of subjective assessments and expert opinions © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBook Chapter11212152372-s2.0-8518467027010.1007/978-3-031-44742-6_8N/A