Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F.Allahviranloo, T.Pedrycz, W.Shahriari, M.Sharafi, H.Razipour, GhalehJough, S.2024-05-192024-05-1920231860-949Xhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44742-6_1https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/4472Decisions unfold, guided by science’s light, in choices, science’s wisdom resides, for Guiding paths with less clarity. In this enlightening chapter on the Foundations of Decision Making, readers will embark on a journey through the intricate web of decision theory and decision science. Delving into the profound philosophy that underlies these concepts, we'll unravel the fundamental principles that guide human choices. With a systematic exploration of reputable domains and practical applications, readers will witness the transformative power of these principles in diverse contexts, from economics to psychology and beyond. We'll navigate through the Hierarchy of Decisions, dissecting the layers of choices from the mundane to the monumental, and in the process, gain invaluable insights into the art and science of decision-making. As we traverse this intellectual landscape, readers will acquire the skills to evaluate options with precision and make well-informed decisions based on robust reasoning. By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to comprehend and appreciate the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of decision-making. They will develop a solid understanding of key components such as decision theory, rationality, and cognitive biases. With this knowledge, readers will acquire the necessary analytical skills to effectively recognize the complexity of decision-making scenarios, evaluate alternative options, and make informed decisions based on sound reasoning and evidence. Moreover, readers will gain a broader perspective on the significance of decision-making across various aspects of life, including personal, professional, and societal contexts. This chapter will lay a strong groundwork for readers’ journey towards becoming more confident and adept decision-makers © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBook Chapter11211562-s2.0-8518471258210.1007/978-3-031-44742-6_1N/A