Sefati, Seyed SalarArasteh, BahmanHalunga, SimonaFratu, OctavianBouyer, Asgarali2024-05-192024-05-1920232327-4662https://doi.org10.1109/JIOT.2023.3303188https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/4788Despite significant advancements in Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart cities, service discovery, and composition continue to pose challenges. Current methodologies face limitations in optimizing Quality of Service (QoS) in diverse network conditions, thus creating a critical research gap. This study presents an original and innovative solution to this issue by introducing a novel three-layered recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm. Aimed at optimizing QoS in the context of IoT service discovery, our method incorporates user requirements into its evaluation matrix. It also integrates long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and a unique black widow optimization (BWO) algorithm, collectively facilitating the selection and composition of optimal services for specific tasks. This approach allows the RNN algorithm to identify the top-K services based on QoS under varying network conditions. Our methodology's novelty lies in implementing LSTM in the hidden layer and employing backpropagation through time (BPTT) for parameter updates, which enables the RNN to capture temporal patterns and intricate relationships between devices and services. Further, we use the BWO algorithm, which simulates the behavior of black widow spiders, to find the optimal combination of services to meet system requirements. This algorithm factors in both the attractive and repulsive forces between services to isolate the best candidate solutions. In comparison with existing methods, our approach shows superior performance in terms of latency, availability, and reliability. Thus, it provides an efficient and effective solution for service discovery and composition in IoT-based smart cities, bridging a significant gap in current research.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBlack Widow Optimization (Bwo) Algorithm (Bwo)Internet Of Things (Iot)Recurrent Neural Network (Rnn)Service DiscoverySmart CitiesArticle10242225622269WOS:0011634727000802-s2.0-85167816865N/A10.1109/JIOT.2023.3303188Q1