Inbanaathan, Papla VenugopalBalasubramanian, DhineshNguyen, Van NhanhLe, Van VangWae-Hayee, MakatarRavikumar, R.Veza, Ibham2024-05-192024-05-1920230360-31991879-3487https://doi.org10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.107https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/4728The rising human population is causing the utilization of enormous amounts of fossil fuels to fulfill energy needs. Various renewable sources are used as fossil fuels however those resources are not powerful in supplanting customary non-renewable energy sources like gasoline in vehicles. The depletion of conventional fossil fuel utilized in a vehicle con-tributes to an increased portion of air contamination and is a danger to human well-being. Also, to maintain the supply demand, many active types of research have been carried out in mixing a higher percentage of ethanol over gasoline and further moving towards flex-fuel vehicles. But there arises a problem of knocking and higher CO, and HC emissions from the engine. To overcome the above problem, ethanol could be mixed in a higher percentage over gasoline with the help of hydrogen assistance and can completely avoid the problem of knocking and reducing CO and HC emissions. In this research, the combustion, emission, and performance characteristics of a variable-speed gasoline engine fuelled with ethanol-blended gasoline along with hydrogen assistance are taken for investigation at variable speeds like 1800, 1600, 1400, and 1200 rpm. Hydrogen is added to blended fuel (E30) which has better combustion, emission, and performance than other blended fuels. Hydrogen addition is done at 2, 3, and 4 ms respectively. The outcomes showed that the E30 thorn H2 at 3 ms has better combustion, emission, and performance, still, the emission of NOx is higher in comparison with all the other blends due to complete combustion. Thus, a two-stage analysis has been done, one is making a comparison among various blends of ethanol, and the second one is the comparison among the various energy shares of hydrogen.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAustraliaTurkiyeFlex FuelsBlend Fuel EngineHydrogenPerformanceEmissionArticle48993953139552WOS:0011143961000012-s2.0-85152706281N/A10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.107Q1