Glioblastoma stem cells and comparison of isolation methods

Abstract

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and the most common primary brain tumor. Over the last few years, studies have identified many genetical and phenotypical molecular situations for developing new treatment modalities in patients with GBM. Nevertheless, main problem for the GBM is radio-chemotherapy resistance and relapse after the surgery. The identification of glioma stem cells and microenvironmental influences has created a paradigm shift in targets of therapy. Current studies have shown that glioma stem cell is responsible for aggressiveness, recurrence and resistance to therapy of GBM. GBM stem cell isolated from human GBM multiforme fresh tissue samples is important both for curative therapeutic options and personalized targeted therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable isolation method of GBM stem cells (GSCs).

Methods: Tumor tissue sample was obtained during the surgical resection of lesion in patients with the diagnosis of GBM. Tumor stem cell isolation from tissue was performed in three different ways: 1) GBM cell isolation with trypsin; 2) GBM cell isolation with brain tumor dissociation Kit (BTD Kit); and 3) GBM cell isolation with tumor dissociation enzyme (TDE).

Results: We showed that GSCs were isolated from tumor specimen using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Our study showed that isolation with BTD Kit is the most suitable method to isolate GBM tissue-derived glial tumor stem cells.

Conclusions: The development of alternative personalized therapies targeting brain tumor stem cell is urgently needed. It is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms of driving stem cells. If their life cycle mechanisms can be identified, we can control the growth of GBM.

Keywords: Cancer stem cell; Glioblastoma; Targeted therapy.