Genomic and proteomic monitoring of stem cell-derived exosomes

Abstract

The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantations are increasing day by day in clinical therapies. Recent studies have described that the treatment activities of MSCs are mediated by paracrine factors secreted. These paracrine factors are spread through messenger clouds as exosomes secreted from MSCs, which are also involved in the cellular communication via transferring their mRNA, miRNA, and protein contents horizontally. With the understanding of this mechanism, cell-free therapies have begun to create a new path in MSC based therapies as a cell-free treatment. It is important to understand how much the mRNA, miRNA, and protein contents of the MSCs and their secreted exosomes are overlapping. Additionally, the content of these exosomes must be determined in order to both define their efficacy and to be able to select their most suitable sources. Therefore, in this chapter, we have described different transcriptomic and proteomic methods for displaying the contents of the exosomes.