Abstract There has been a large number of challenges to undemocratic regimes in the Middle East by their populations due to the denial of their participation in decision-making processes. Among many factors, Islamic ...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been replacing more expensive and manned aircrafts in particularly asymmetric operations to minimize costs and death risk of pilots. This article elucidates the evolution of UAVs in ...

The study argues that although the US power is in decline, it is still a superpower thanks to its allies, friends, economic tools like US dollar and even its adversaries. In other words, not Americans but other countries ...

This study aims to ascertain the extent to which it was Western powers or Zionists that founded Israel. The study argues that Israel was established by Western powers, while not ignoring the partial but significant role ...

This study analyzes why and for which countries the Turkish Foreign Ministry uses the word kardeş (brother) in its discourse, particularly during the AK Party (Justice and Development Party) era. The study reveals that ...

This study analyzes how migrants are militarized through analyzing an Iranian proxy, namely Liwa Fatemiyoun, as a case study. Liwa Fatemiyoun is a proxy group formed from migrants of the Shiite ethnic group of Afghan ...

Abstract: How useful Article 5 is in providing collective defense has become a matter of discussion in Turkey, particularly in recent years. This study has analyzed Turkey’s formal critical narrative about the article’s ...