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The MTT viability assay yields strikingly false-positive viabilities although the cells are killed by some plant extracts

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Date

2017

Author

Karakaş Zeybek, Didem
Arı, Ferda
Ulukaya, Engin

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Citation

Karakas, D., Ari, F., & Ulukaya, E. (2017). The MTT viability assay yields strikingly false-positive viabilities although the cells are killed by some plant extracts. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 41(6), 919–925. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1703-104

Abstract

The MTT assay is one of the often used cell viability/cytotoxicity assays. However, when the methanol extracts of plants are used to test their cytotoxic potential, interference may occur, resulting in false-positive viability results. Therefore, in this study, the reliability of the MTT assay was investigated in the case of plant use. The methanol extracts of three different plants (Hypericum adenotrichum, Salvia kronenburgii, and Pelargonium quercetorum) were tested in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using the MTT assay and the results were compared to the ATP assay, which is a much more sensitive and reliable assay due to its interference-free feature. Additionally, decreased cell density was confirmed with phase-contrast microscopy and fluorescence staining (Hoechst 33342 dye). Although both of the viability/cytotoxicity assays are considered as metabolic assays, viabilities (in %) in the MTT assay were found to be strikingly higher when compared to the results with the ATP assay. Even in the case of total death, the MTT assay still produced artificial/false increases in viability. The morphology-based evaluation of viability/cytotoxicity by phase-contrast microscopy and Hoechst 33342 staining were greatly compatible with the ATP assay results. Overestimated (false) viabilities in the MTT assay suggests a serious interference between the MTT assay itself and the extracts used. Some ingredients of plants may have reducing activity (like the dehydrogenase activity of the cells) that converts the MTT compound into the colored formazan that is the principle of the assay. Therefore, the MTT assay may not be a suitable assay for some plant extracts, urging great caution when plants are used.

Source

Turkish Journal of Biology

Volume

41

Issue

6

URI

https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1703-104
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12713/911

Collections

  • Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik Bölümü Makale Koleksiyonu [55]
  • PubMed İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu [1162]
  • Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu [1924]
  • Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü Makale Koleksiyonu [235]
  • TR-Dizin İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu [574]
  • WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu [2043]



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