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Öğe Advancements and future directions in the antibacterial wound dressings - a review(2021) Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Özkahraman, Bengi; Özbaş, Zehra; Yaşayan, Gökçen; Tamahkar, Emel; Alarçin, EmineWound repair is a complex process that has not been entirely understood. It can conclude in several irregularities. Hence, designing an appropriate wound dressing that can accelerate the healing period is critical. Infections, a major obstacle to wound repair, cause an elevated inflammatory responses and result in ultimate outcome of incomplete and prolonged wound repair. To overcome these shortcomings, there is a growing requirement for antibacterial wound dressings. Dressings with antibacterial activities and multifunctional behaviors are highly anticipated to avoid the wound infection for successful healing. The aim of this review is not only to concentrate on the importance of antibacterial dressings for wound healing applications but also to discuss recent studies and some future perspectives about antibacterial wound dressings.Öğe Aloe vera-based antibacterial porous sponges for wound dressing applications(SPRINGER, 2021) Tamahkar, Emel; Özkahraman, Bengi; Özbaş, Zehra; İzbudak, Burçin; Yarımcan, Filiz; Boran, Filiz; Bal Öztürk, AyçaThe antibacterial sponges with high macroporosity, high interconnectivity and high biocompatibility is a significant concern for wound healing applications. In this work, novel Aloe vera (AV) based sponges were developed via subsequent lyophilization with further chemical crosslinking throughout the double network sponges. Single network was composed of gelatin-sodium alginate (G-SA) while the double network using gelatin-sodium alginate- sodium hyaluronate (G-SA-HA) was produced with the addition of hyaluronic acid solution into the gelatin-sodium alginate matrix. Lastly, Aloe vera as the bioactive agent was fabricated throughout the gelatin-sodium alginate-sodium hyaluronate matrix. The AV-based sponges demonstrated large pores with high interconnectivity. The swelling degree of the AV-based sponges were higher than that of G-SA and G-SA-HA sponges. The release of AV from the sponges reached an equilibrium value after 24 h showing a more controlled release at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. AV-based sponges showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus and displayed any cytotoxicity against Mesenchymal stem cells.Öğe Assessment of Centella Asiatica Extract Containing Dual-crosslinked Gel-MA/Pec Hydrogels as Wound Dressing(2022) Aklar, Demet Akalgan; Albayrak, Betül; Gelal, Melisa; İzbudak, Burçin; Özkahraman, Bengi; Öztürk, Ayça BalIn the present work, 3D-printed wound dressings containing different amounts of Centella Asiatica (CA) extract were synthesized via dual-crosslinking method. Methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin (Gel-MA) and pectin (Pec) were chosen as the base material for dressings. A dual crosslinked network was formed with Gel-MA photo-crosslinking using Irgacure 2959 and Pectin (Pec) psychical-crosslinking using Ca++ ions. Meanwhile, the developed dual-crosslinked hydrogel dressings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical, swelling, in vitro degradation as well as ex vivo bioadhesion tests. As the amount of CA in the dressing hydrogels increased, the degradation rates increased. In addition, the prepared dressings provide good bioadhesion on the chicken skin. Moreover, (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) assay revealed cell viability of Gel-MA/ Pec hydrogel dressings containing CA extract. The results presented the dressings as a promising biomaterial to be used for wound healing purposes, which should be further investigated in future.Öğe Boric acid-impregnated silk fibroin/gelatin/hyaluronic acid-based films for improving the wound healing process(Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021) Özen, Nurten; Özbaş, Zehra; İzbudak, Burçin; Emik, Serkan; Özkahraman, Bengi; Bal Öztürk, AyçaRecently, with the progression in wound dressings, the importance of the biocompatible material with enhanced features for potential applications in the biomedical field has been more developed. Current strategies focus on the acceleration of the wound healing by systematically designed dressing materials. In this study, biocompatible hydrogel films with the combination of silk fibroin, hyaluronic acid and gelatin biopolymers were fabricated. To gain the enhanced wound healing behavior of wound dressings, boric acid (BA) was formulated in various ratios. The prepared hydrogel films were characterized in terms of FTIR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analysis. Following to the swelling and mechanical tests, in vitro biocompatibility and wound healing tests were performed against L929 fibroblast cell line. Results suggest that the presence of 1% (wt/vol) BA in the formulation of silk fibroin/gelatin/hyaluronic acid based hydrogel films is the key in providing such an enhanced mechanical and wound healing feature and may offer an alternative approach for wound healing treatment. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Öğe Controlled release profile of 5-fluorouracil loaded P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel prepared via free radical precipitation polymerization(Springer, 2018) Özbaş, Zehra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Bal Öztürk, AyçaA new microgel was prepared by free radical precipitation polymerization of acrylamide (AAM), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) to be used for the controlled drug release. The zeta-potential and particle size of P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and found to be around - 36.4 +/- 6.29 mV and 592 nm, respectively. P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel was loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug. In vitro drug release profiles demonstrated that 5-Fu release from P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel at pH 7.4 was much faster than at pH 5.5 and pH 2.1. In addition, release kinetic studies showed that P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel fit into Higuchi model release. The cytotoxicity study indicated that P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel did not exhibit apparent cytotoxicity against L929 cell line. When all of the results were evaluated, it can be seen that P(AAM-co-NVP-co-DEAEMA) microgel can be effectively used as a polymeric drug carrier for the potential drug delivery systems in medical applications.Öğe Development of mucoadhesive modified kappa-carrageenan/pectin patches for controlled delivery of drug in the buccal cavity(Wiley, 2021) Özkahraman, Bengi; Özbaş, Zehra; Yaşayan, Gökçen; Püren Akgüner, Zeynep; Yarımcan, Filiz; Alarçin, Emine; Bal Öztürk, AyçaIn this study, modified kappa-carrageenan/pectin hydrogel patches were fabricated for treatment of buccal fungal infections. For this purpose, kappa-carrageenan-g-acrylic acid was modified with different thiolated agents (L-cysteine and 3-mercaptopropionic acid), and the thiol content of the resulting modified kappa-carrageenan was confirmed by elemental analyzer. Then, the hydrogel patches were fabricated, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ex vivo mucoadhesion test, and swelling behavior. Triamcinolone acetonide was added either directly or by encapsulating within the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The release amount of the drug from the directly loaded patch was 7.81 mg/g polymer, while it was 3.28 mg/g polymer for the encapsulated patch with the same content at 7 hr. The hydrogel patches had no cytotoxicity by cell culture studies. Finally, the drug loaded hydrogel patches were demonstrated antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. These results provide that the novel modified kappa-carrageenan and pectin based buccal delivery system has promising antifungal property, and could have advantages compared to conventional buccal delivery systems.Öğe The effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin/chitosan buccal mucoadhesive patches(Editions de Sante, 2022) Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Alarçin, Emine; Özbaş, Zehra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Torkay, GülşahIn this research, the effect of thiol functional groups on bovine serum albumin (BSA)/chitosan (Chi) based buccal mucoadhesive patch was investigated. Thiolated BSA (BSA-SH) was prepared via 2-mercaptoethanol. FTIR and 1H NMR results confirmed that BSA-SH was synthesized successfully. The buccal mucoadhesive patches were fabricated by the solvent casting method. Following the structural characterization of BSA/Chi and BSA-SH/Chi buccal patches, the mechanical characterization was performed by tensile tests. The drug release from triam- cinolone acetonide (TR) loaded buccal patches was evaluated in-vitro in simulated salivary. According to the ex- vivo buccal adhesion experiments, the mechanical and mucoadhesion properties of BSA-SH/Chi buccal patch had improved compared to BSA/Chi buccal patch. The total cumulative TR permeated after 12 h was higher for BSA- SH/Chi than BSA/Chi buccal patches. The developed mucoadhesive buccal patches were found to be biocom- patible in vitro. To conclude, the thiolated BSA-SH/Chi buccal adhesive patch is a promising biomaterial for a satisfied drug delivery, which provides advantages for various oral applications.Öğe The effect of vitamin c in the formulation of pectin/thiolated alginate buccal adhesive patches: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Özkahraman, Bengi; Torkay, Gülşah; Özbaş, Zehra; Bal Öztürk, AyçaThe present study outlines the prospect of a pectin (Pec)/modified alginate (Alg) buccal patch as drug delivery device in the localized treatment of oral cavity diseases. Firstly, Alg was modified with acrylic acid, and thiolated with cystein to enhance its mucoadhesive properties. Then modified Alg was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. As a proof of concept, Pec/modified Alg buccal patches were formed via the conventional solvent casting technique. Then the patches were characterized by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA). Vitamin C (Vit C) was used for in vitro drug release assay, and the release amount was 2.10 mg/g polymer in simulated salivary pH 6.8. Ex vivo mucoadhesion assays of Vit C loaded Pec/modified Alg patch did not have a negative effect on the mucoadhesion feature of the material. The cytotoxicity study indicated that Pec/modified Alg buccal patches did not exhibit apparent cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cell lines. Notably, it was found that Vit C in the patch formulation has an accelerating effect on wound healing. According to all results, Vit C loaded Pec/modified Alg buccal patch might be a promising candidate for localized buccal drug release systems.Öğe Evaluation of modified pectin/alginate buccal patches with enhanced mucoadhesive properties for drug release systems: in-vitro and ex-vivo study(Editions de Sante, 2022) Özbaş, Zehra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Püren Akgüner, Zeynep; Bal Öztürk, AyçaA recent approach for buccal mucoadhesive system is the production of thiolated polymers via thiomer. In this study, pectin was grafted with acrylic acid before the thiolation by L-cystein and it was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and TGA. Following that, modified/unmodified pectin and alginate patches were successfully fabricated by a casting method, and they were characterized by FTIR and TGA. The modified pectin/alginate patches had a higher swelling ratio than that of unmodified pectin/alginate patches. Moreover, ex-vivo mucoadhesion studies of modified pectin/alginate buccal patch was 0.11 ± 0.033 N which meant that mucoadhesion on buccal mucosa was improved as compared to unmodified pectin/alginate buccal patch. The triamcinolone acetonide release capacity of the modified pectin/alginate and unmodified pectin/alginate patches in pH 6.8 was found to be 32.6 and 28.5 mg/g, respectively. The drug release kinetic data best fitted with Korsmeyer-Peppas model for both buccal patches. To cell culture studies, drug loaded, and unloaded buccal patches had no cytotoxicity against L929 cell line. According to our results modified pectin/alginate buccal patch can be used as a promising alternative for buccal mucoadhesive drug release systems.Öğe Functionalized 2-(hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (HEMA)-co-acrylamide (AAm) hydrogels: kinetic and isotherm modelling analysis on the removal of Cu(II) Ions(Prints Publications Pvt Ltd, 2019) Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Özbaş, Zehra; Özkahraman, Bengi; Emik, SerkanA functionalized hydrogel composed of 2-(hydroxyethyl) methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylamide (AAm) was synthesized by amination and saponification reactions, respectively, and its functionality was examined for the elimination of copper(II) ions. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper(II) ions was 0.617 mmol g(-1) before saponification, whereas it was 1.2225 mmol g(-1) after saponification. The adsorption data was analyzed with pseudo-first-order (r(2) =0.8867), intra-particle diffusion (r(2) =0.9453), Elovich (r(2) =0.9489) and pseudo-second-order(r(2) =0.9999) kinetic models. Based on the adsorption equilibrium experimental data Freundlich(r(2) =0.9964), Langmuir(r(2) =0.998) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) (r(2) =0.9960) adsorption isotherms provided good fits for all of experimental results. Finally, the datas of kinetic experiments obtained in this study showed the applicability of the functionalized gel for Copper(II) ion removal.Öğe Preparation of quercetin incorporated photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin/methacrylated kappa-carrageenan antioxidant hydrogel wound dressings(SPRINGER INT PUBL AG, 2022) Özbaş, Zehra; Torkay, Gülşah; Bal Öztürk, Ayça; Özkahraman, BengiWound dressings with antioxidant potential have attracted remarkable concerns for wound healing. The purpose of this work is to investigate blank, and quercetin loaded photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated kappa-carrageenan (KapMA) hydrogel. Wound dressings were produced by the photocrosslinking method in the presence of a photoinitiator. Quercetin was incorporated in photocrosslinkable GelMA/KapMA wound dressings with different ratios. Besides, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, swelling, and degradation tests were performed for characterization studies of the hydrogel wound dressings. The release of quercetin from GelMA/KapMA wound dressings was investigated at a physiological pH value of 7.4 at 37 degrees C. The antioxidant activity of the hydrogel dressings was further evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Biocompatibility of wound dressings was assessed using MTT assay tests on NIH-3T3 cell line, which evaluated its suitability in biomaterial applications. The obtained results indicated that quercetin incorporated photocrosslinked GelMA/KapMA wound dressings provide antioxidant activity, and they could be the ability for the potential wound dressings applications.Öğe Synthesis of Ion-imprinted alginate based beads: selective adsorption behavior of nickel (II) Ions(Springer, 2018) Özkahraman, Bengi; Özbaş, Zehra; Bal Öztürk, AyçaNi(II) imprinted and non-imprinted bioadsorbent alginate beads were prepared, and utilized in the selective adsorption of Ni(II) ions. The optimum adsorption capacity were 6.00mmolg(-1) at 500ppm initial metal ion concentration at pH 7 for Ni(II) imprinted alginate beads (IIP). The equilibrium data were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and it fitted both isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters showed favorable and endothermic nature of adsorption. Ni(II) imprinted bead showed the strong ability to selective adsorption from Cu(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions. In conclusion, Ni(II) ion imprinted alginate beads could be used repeatedly without any significant reduce of adsorption capacity.
