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    Calculation of space radiation risks for astronauts and high-level natural radiation exposure area residents: two different exposure categories
    (Akademiai Kiado ZRt., 2024) Abbasi, Akbar; Almousa, Nouf; Zakaly, Hesham M.H.; Mirekhtiary, Fatemeh
    In the present paper, the health risks to astronauts due to space radiation exposure and the excess cancer risk (ECR) caused by high-level natural radiation exposure area residents were estimated manes on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Cancer Risk (NSCR)-2012 model and RESRAD code, respectively. The total risk of exposure-induced cancer (REIC) and total risk of exposure-induced death (REID) were calculated for different ages and genders. In contrast, the mortality and morbidity due to High Natural Background Radiation Exposure areas (HNBRAs) were simulated for different genders and ages. The results showed that the morbidity of the HNBRAs area for males and females was less than the REIC value of the 6-month mission at the International Space Station (ISS). Also, the results indicated that the mortality of the HNBRAs area was equal to the REIC 6-month mission for males. The mortality rate in the HNBRA area was higher than the average rate for females in the REIC 6-month mission. © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt 2024.
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    The distribution of radiotoxic 137Cs concentrations in seaweed and mussel species in the Mediterranean Sea
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Abbasi, Akbar; Almousa, Nouf; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    A study was conducted to determine the 137Cs activity concentrations in various seaweed and mussel samples from the North East Mediterranean Sea, including the brown algae (Dictyota dichotoma) and oarweed (Laminaria digitata), and mussel species (Haliotis asinina, Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovinciali). The 137Cs activity con-centration in seaweed species exhibited varying levels, ranging from 84.20 +/- 1.82 to 236.05 +/- 5.72 mBq kg-1 fresh weight (fw) for oarweed, and 106.29 +/- 2.26 to 252.38 +/- 6.04 mBq kg -1 fw for brown algae. The 137Cs value in mussel species were between 12.94 +/- 0.51-101.84 +/- 1.35 mBq kg -1 fw for M. galloprovincialis, 15.49 +/- 0.58-71.52 +/- 1.16 mBq kg-1 fw for M. edulis, and 10.36 +/- 0.11-69.13 +/- 1.34 mBq kg -1 fw for H. asinine. When comparing the 137Cs concentration in seaweed and mussel species, the average concentration in seaweeds was approximately four times higher than that in mussels. This significant difference in radioisotope concentration highlights the potential for higher bioaccumulation of 137Cs in seaweeds compared to mussels.
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    The effect of face masks on the filtration rate of Radon (222Rn) gas and its progeny in breathing air
    (Springer, 2023) Abbasi, Akbar; Tulucu, Fadime; Almousa, Nouf; Mirekhtiary, Fatemeh; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    The blocking effect of Rn-222 gas and its progeny by various face masks has been determined using a measurement system with a parallel AlphaGUARD detector. The theoretical approach of diffusion rate for different particle sizes was calculated. The filtering effect of the different masks followed the order N99 > surgical > N95 > double cloth > double cellulose > cloth > cellulose masks, respectively. Overall the blocking effect percentage ranged between 7.65 and 22.66%. The study indicated that the effect of a mask with high quality in filtering the gas of Rn-222 and its decay products is more than the double-layer masks.
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    Impact of incremental zinc-oxide incorporation on optical, magnetic, mechanical and photon transmission properties of K2O, SrF2, PbO containing borate-glasses
    (Elsevier, 2024) Almousa, Nouf; Issa, Shams A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Abulyazied, D. E.; Abouhaswa, A. S.; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan
    This study examines the radiation shielding properties of borate glass systems, with a focus on the simultaneous enhancement of optical, mechanical, and magnetic characteristics. The glass composition is represented by formula (55-x)B2O3+25PbO+10SrF2+10K2O 2 O 3 +25PbO +10SrF 2 +10K 2 O + xZnO (where x: 0.0-10.0 mol%). By manipulating the ZnO concentration, we aimed to investigate its role as a radiation attenuator and its effects on the glass's optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Using traditional melt-quenching techniques, we produced the glass samples and examined their density, molar volume, linear attenuation coefficients (GLAC), LAC ), mean free paths (GMFP), MFP ), half-value layers (GHVL), HVL ), and optical and magnetic properties. Our findings demonstrate that higher ZnO concentrations lead to a significant increase in density and a corresponding decrease in molar volume, thereby enhancing the glasses' ability to shield against gamma radiation. The radiation attenuation analysis revealed that increasing ZnO content substantially improves G LAC values across the energy range of 356-1333 keV. Additionally, ZnO incorporation decreases the optical bandgap, shifting the UV absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and enhancing UV dielectric capacity. Magnetic properties were assessed using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, showing a strong correlation between ZnO content and the effective atomic number (Zeff). eff ). It can be concluded that ZnO not only contributes to radiation shielding but also modifies the electronic structure of the glass, impacting its optical absorption properties.
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    Radiotoxic fission products and radiological effects in the Mediterranean Sea biota from a hypothetical accident in Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Abbasi, Akbar; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Almousa, Nouf
    A combined hydrodynamic/radiobiological model was used to calculate the distribution and dose rate of significant radionuclides in the Mediterranean Sea marine organisms in the event of an accident at the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP). The Hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was applied to simulate the dispersion and deposition of artificial radionuclide concentrations. Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants: Assessment and Management (ERICA) tools were utilized to assess issues related to sea health and potential hazards in case of an accident. The scenario source term profile was derived from the Fukushima nuclear power accident. Volumetric concentrations and deposition levels of pollutants increased from 1 MBqm- 3 to 1 x 103 MBqm- 3 and from 1 x 10-1 MBqm- 2 to 1 x 10-7 MBqm- 2 after 48 h. In terms of dose rates to the various marine biotas, polychaete worms had the greatest overall dose rate and the highest contribution to total dose rates attributable to 137Cs radionuclide.
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    Synergistic effects of Gd 2 O 3 and SiO 2 in enhancing the acoustic, mechanical, and shielding qualities of borate glasses
    (Pergamon elsevier science, 2024) Almousa, Nouf; Malidarreh, Roya Boudaghi; Issa, S. A. M.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.
    This study comprehensively analyzes the gamma radiation shielding, mechanical, and acoustic properties of novel glass composites formulated from B2O3, SiO2, and Gd2O3. Utilizing the MCNPX simulation code and Phy-X: PSD software, key parameters such as Linear Attenuation Coefficient, Half Value Layer (HVL), Mean Free Path (MFP), and Effective Atomic Number (Zeff) were meticulously evaluated for three distinct glass compositions, denoted as GL-1, GL-2, and GL-3. The investigation revealed that incorporating Gd2O3 and SiO2 notably enhances the radiation shielding efficiency of these glasses, which is evident from the decreasing trends in HVL and MFP values across the series. Employing the Makishima and Mackenzie (MM) model, this study further delved into the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of the glass samples. An increase in Gd2O3 and SiO2 content, substituting B2O3, was observed to augment the bond dissociation energy and adjust the packing density, consequently improving the elastic moduli. These mechanical enhancements were quantified through measurements of Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and longitudinal modulus. Acoustic properties were also calculated, including Longitudinal and Transverse velocities, mean velocity, and acoustic impedance. These parameters demonstrated a consistent improvement correlating with the increasing rigidity and mechanical strength of the glass samples, particularly for the GL-3 composition. The study concludes that the GL-3 glass sample exhibits superior performance regarding gamma photon attenuation, mechanical robustness, and acoustic properties. This underscores its potential as an effective material for radiation shielding in various industrial applications, benefiting from its enhanced mechanical and acoustic features.